Everything about life is related to the cells. Any disease, any birth, or any death. So, let's take it seriously and talk about some stuff! As an introduction, here are some subcellular compartments. I am not limited to boring textbook info and can explain other things in a fun way if you want... But a start is important. Let's start.
Here are some membrane-enclosed organelles!
1) Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. There are two distinct regions of ER: Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes, and Rough ER, which has a surface with ribosomes.
The smooth ER synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions. It is the guy who says muscle to work. The rough ER has bound ribosomes and secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates), distributes transport vesicles, and is a membrane factory for the cell.
2) Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. It modifies the products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, and sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles.
3) Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP. They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae. The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell!
4) Chloroplast
Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis and have the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis. They produce food by using sunlight and carbon dioxide. It is the best way to fight against global warming: Turn carbon dioxide into food! Win-win.
5) Lysosome
The lysosome is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules. Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. Lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle the cell’s organelles and macromolecules, a process called autophagy.
6) Peroxisome
Peroxisomes are specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane and produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water. Peroxisomes perform reactions with many different
functions but how peroxisomes are related to other organelles is
still unknown.
And The Nucleus.
The nucleus contains most of the cell’s genes! It is the warehouse of your info. A nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus to separate it from the cytoplasm.
This article is a simple start. Anything you wonder? Simple or complex, does not matter. When you are tired of the bad news about crypto, come here.