Many people around the world consider the Nobel Prize to be the greatest and most honorable recognition a person can receive. The story of this world-famous award goes back to Alfred Bernhard Nobel, born in Sweden in 1833.
Alfred Nobel has amassed a large fortune with historical inventions in the field of explosives. Specifically, he tested nitroglycerin with high explosive potential and found it to be safer when combined with another substance. In 1867, Nobel patented a mixture called dynamite.
Many other inventions in explosive technology and chemical contributions in other fields have made Nobel extremely rich. It owned 355 patents and developed a global industry in which 80 companies from 20 countries on five continents participated. Few people knew him personally during his life. But when it comes to his name, Nobel is probably the most famous Swede of all time. He died on December 10, 1896 in San Remo, Italy.
But where did the Nobel Prizes come from? The famous Swedish inventor provided them in the will, where he said: "All my remaining realizable assets will be treated as follows: the capital that investors invest in by my executors will form a fund, the interest is paid annually in the form of prices for which most benefited humanity in the past year "".
Nobel decided that there would be five equal awards, one for each of the five fields: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and brotherhood between nations. The latter became the well-known Nobel Peace Prize.
The Swedish cinema Ake Ohlmark's comment is interesting about why Nobel included these awards in the will: “He knew that many of his most extraordinary inventions would become tools for violence and war. . . . The Nobel Prizes are an expression of remorse from a great researcher and organizer. He wanted the rewards and institutions they would create, to some extent, to heal the damage he knew his inventions would cause him. "- Nobel Laureates (" Nobel Prize).
Nobel Prizes began to be awarded in 1901. 330 prizes have been awarded in the last 76 years. The rest were not distributed, mainly due to lack of suitable candidates, mainly for the Peace Prize. Each award consists of a diploma, a gold medal and a check for $ 163,300 in 1976 US currency.
Selection of candidates
How can I be eligible for the Nobel Prize? The nomination of Nobel Prizes, ie people who deserve special awards in the five designated areas, is made by four institutions, three of which are Swedish. With Nobel's terms: “The prizes for physics and chemistry are awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences. physiological or medical work at the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; one for the Stockholm Academy's literature and one for peacekeepers by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Storting [parliament].
Each of these institutions has a special five-fund commission that carries out preparatory work for the selection of candidates for the award. Each year, these committees send out invitations to hundreds of researchers, researchers and academics from around the world. In the invitations, applications are requested from those who are entitled to the award ceremony the following year. Registration must be submitted before 1 February of the year in which the prize is awarded.
At the beginning of the autumn, these investigations led to secret Commission reports to award-winning institutions. After that, the final elections will be voted on, which will remain secret until October or November. The decisions are final and without appeal.
Some problems with the awards ceremony
The awarding of Nobel Prizes over the years has created certain problems. Nobel said in his will: "I expressly wish that the nationality of the candidates not be taken into account when awarding the prizes, but the one most deserving of the prize, whether they are Scandinavian or not." However, it is difficult to find the "most worthy" of the global reach of the Nobel Prize.
The recent Peace Prize elections have been criticized and have sparked many conflicts, mainly for political reasons. In 1973, for example, the two main negotiators of the Vietnam Conference in Paris were selected to share the price of peace. Demonstrations have taken place around the world. Two members of the Oslo Peace Committee announced their resignation and one of the two members selected for the award refused. When the other agreed, a protest movement in Norway raised 1.5 million NOK (US $ 270,750) as a “People's Peace Prize,” which was awarded to someone of their choice. Sadly, no Nobel Peace Prize laureate has ever truly led mankind to world peace.
Stormy circumstances also contributed to the price of literature. Researchers have sometimes protested against the selection of relatively unknown authors with few readers, while world-famous authors have been overlooked. When Leo Tolstoy was not elected in 1901, 42 Swedish authors protested by sending Tolstoy a letter of apology.
When it comes to scholarships in academic fields, the current trend makes it difficult for research groups, rather than individuals, to do research to decide who will receive the award. And because scientific development has been so rapid in recent years, winners need to do more to keep up with the latest results.
It is obvious that Alfred Nobel was interested in the betterment of humanity. The hundreds of Nobel laureates since 1901 show that many others share this common interest.
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