Values are the principles and standards that govern human behavior. In other words, values are relatively stable beliefs consisting of a number of attitudes. And the education through which the prevailing customs, traditions, ideals, etc. in the society develop is the value education. Values are the foundation of society and the state. It is a social measure of human behavior. It plays a role as one of the criteria of social, state, economic and political excellence of a country.
According to Frankel, "values are the idea of emotional and ideological unity."
The importance of values
Value education accelerates the mental development of a person. And by developing personality in this way, it paves the way for good governance and puts an end to social degradation. So value education can save mankind from all kinds of degradation in modern science and technology based society. As a result of changing values, ideological, religious or sacred issues are awakened with age. So it plays a role as a guideline of personal life.
Means of value formation:
The following issues serve as one of the means to form values.
1. Family
2. School
3. Community
4. Playmate
5. Society and
. Custom
On the other hand, corruption-kinship, weakening of family and social roles, predominance of personal interests, over-reliance on science and technology are the regulators of declining values.
Types of values:
Differences in values are observed in space, time and caste. Again different types of values are observed in the same society. E.g.
1. Democratic Values: Values derived from democracy are democratic values. Tolerance is essential in establishing democratic values. It plays a key role in establishing good governance and strengthening the rule of law. That is why democratic values are called the key to national development. Tolerance, loyalty, etc. are democratic values.
2. Social Values: Social values are the thoughts, goals and objectives that control and manage the social behavior and activities of the people. Justice, honesty and courtesy are the foundation of social values. These values are the standard of judging human behavior. According to Stuart C. Dodd, "Social values are a set of customs that the individual expects from society and that society gains from the individual." Respect for adults, hospitality, tolerance, generosity, etc. are social values. Tolerance is one of the strongest social values. Is regarded as the basis.
3. External values: Cleanliness, simplicity and dress code etc. are external values.
4. Political values: Loyalty, political participation and sense of political discipline are political values. National values, national discipline and political stability are developed based on the political values of the individual.
5. Cultural values: Cultural values are the values that people adopt from the culture they hold. Cultural values increase the value and dignity of a person.
8. Religious values: Religious values are the values that are formed from religious traditions, beliefs, etc. Respect for all religions, not hindering the practice of other religions, not considering any religion as the best in the state, etc. are religious values.
6. Physical and recreational values: It helps in satisfying the biological and mental needs of the individual life.
6. Intellectual Values: Intellectual values are the ideological aspect of intelligent human behavior associated with the desire for truth-seeking.
9. Professional Values: Professional values are the recognition of a person's value and dignity.
10. Moral Values: The values of judging a person's right-wrong, good-evil, right-wrong, etc. are moral values, such as giving alms to a beggar, doing art, etc.
11. Personal Values: The modern world places the greatest importance on personal values. It nurtures the freedom of the individual. Every child is born with personal values and first of all the child learns these values from the family. For example, the tendency to save is personal values.
The German philosopher and sociologist Edward Spencer has divided values into six parts.
Theoretical values, economic values, aesthetic values, social values, political values and religious values.