Photoelectric Effect

As soon as the light energy (red line) falls on the metal sheet, the free electrons are scattered (blue line) in this way.

Electromagnetic action is a process of quantum mechanics, in which the emission of electrons is explained by absorbing energy from a dye ray or visible light falling on an object. The emitted electron is called an electron.

The verb is called the Hertz verb after its discoverer Heinrich Hertz, although the name is rarely used. Alake's electrical action is a significant step in determining Ala's quantum behavior. From this religion of Ala originated the concept of wave particle duality. General discussion

When electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metal sheet, it absorbs photons and emits electrons which create an electric current. However, the frequency of incident radiation must be equal to or greater than the starting frequency.

The values ​​of the starting frequency are different for different substances. No electrons are emitted when the radiation frequency is lower than the starting frequency because in that case the electrons cannot acquire the energy to overcome their static electrical barrier.

This static electrical energy is created due to the energy of the crystalline surface of matter and its function. Einstein's theory of electric equations was believed in 1905 to increase the frequency of incident radiation.

The energy of the electron also increases. But before 1915, no experimental evidence was found for such an increase in power. This year, scientist Robert Andrews Milliken tested that the energy of the emitted electrons increases linearly as the frequency of incident radiation increases.

Einstein's idea was correct. An experiment can be performed to demonstrate the electrical activity of alek. In this test, two sheets of zinc were added to an airless quartz tube. A leaf is coated with alkali metal or alkali metal. Suppose there is a coating of lithium dioxide. The other layer remains unpainted.

Alkaline the coated sheet is attached to the negative edge of an electric cell or battery and the other sheet is attached to the positive edge via a galvanometer. This time, if light is allowed to fall on the coated sheet, electrons will be emitted from the metal there.

Electrons are emitted and move to the other side as it is positive. As a result, electricity will flow through the closed circuit which will be dissipated by the scattering of galvanometer needles. The level of electric current depends on the intensity of the incident.

If the intensity of the area increases, the current will increase and if the intensity decreases, the current will also decrease.

At the end of this initial test, the coated sheet is attached to the positive end of the battery and the non-coated sheet to the negative end. This time, if a ray of light falls on the coated sheet, electrons will be emitted from it, but since the charge of this end is positive, the emitted electrons will be attracted by this sheet again.

As a result, the flow of electricity will be reduced. The value of electric current for a certain voltage of the coated sheet will be zero. The value of the voltage across the coated sheet for which the current flow in the circuit becomes zero is called the stopping potential.

This cessation does not depend on the intensity of the potential area, but increases with increasing frequency. Again it has been known through tests.

If the frequency of the incident is less than a certain value, it is not able to emit electrons from the metal surface This specific value of the ray's frequency is called the threshold frequency.

The values ​​of the starting frequency vary for different substances. The scientist Einstein came up with an explanation of this process in 1905 through his Alec electric equation. This is the explanation.

When a ray of light falls on a metal sheet, the electron is struck by a ray of energy or photons. As a result, the electrons completely absorb the energy of the photon. Using this absorbed energy the electrons are released from the bond of matter.

Free the amount of energy that remains in the photon after it is dissipated is the amount of energy that the electron disperses. Then the energy expended by the electron to free itself and the kinetic energy of the electron is equal to the energy of the hitting photon.

In this way the permanence of energy is maintained. Note that a photon can only release one electron because the energy of a photon can only be absorbed by one electron. The emitted electron is commonly referred to as an electron.