Evolution!
Half of the people in our country have never heard of evolution. The other half only knows one line, "The theory of monkeys being human!", The other half know a little more, "Where is the missing link? Where is the evidence? Just a theory, not a fact. Monkey babies are human." "Are there still monkeys in Cam? Why aren't all monkeys human? Can't evolution happen now? Darwin is crazy, false theory. Blah blah"
And in fact the number of people who know the theory of evolution is so small that there is nothing wrong with holding zero. There are so many rumors, so many myths spread among the common people about a beautiful theory established like the theory of evolution that it is possible for any great man to explain them to real evolution.
But no more, it's been a long time. Today it's time to post an autopsy on one rumor after another.
Let's get started!
Just a Theory! Not a fact!
The most common is a phrase that is thrown against evolution. However, they do not know exactly where the place of theory is in science. And, they also have linguistic weaknesses. The way we use the word theory in our everyday speech, science does not do exactly that. Theories have value. And the facts are things of a completely different world. I say one thing in response to them,
"Relativity is also a theory. Jump from the 10th floor, you will get proof."
To understand the theory thing we need to understand a total of four things.
I saw that the coconut fell from the tree to the ground. This is a fact. A general statement, the truth of which can be easily observed. It is not a process. Since evolution is an explanation of a process, it cannot be a fact. But, "evolution happens". This is a fact.
How many explanations have come to my mind that this coconut is falling downwards, the soil pulls the coconut? Does anyone throw coconuts? Miraculously? Does it fall like this? Etc. Etc. These are hypotheses. All possible explanations for a fact.
Newton came. He said, "There is a tension between them, a force works. The name is gravity. The earth and the coconut want to go to each other, the mass of the earth can't go so much, the coconut has to run. This is my formula, F = Gm_1m_2 / The phenomenon of reading coconuts can be explained by d ^ 2. "This is Law. It can explain an observed fact. But gravity does not really answer what, why, how. Again, Newton's law was not able to explain the orbit of Mercury.
Einstein will come forward and remove everyone. He will come and cut through the world of physics. He will analyze the fourteen men of gravity with his relativity. Newton's law will come out of his relativity. Then there will be repeated tests, relativity will be proved correct every time. And this is "theory". "Theory" of relativity. Once again, "Thi and Ri", by which everything related can be explained. This thing cannot be canceled or changed, but can be expanded. Relativity is still obsolete in the quantum world. Relativity will be stronger, not canceled.
Do you understand? In order to get the status of theory, he has to pass the test again and again, to explain an event from the finest to the most subtle. And evolution has done that. So, this is the most expensive thing in the world of theory and science.
Humans are descendants of monkeys, baby monkeys are humans?
The most ridiculous rumor. But sadly, the common man understands evolution to mean being a human being from ape. But evolution is not like that at all.
Francis Clark Howell, the author of "Early Man", a book published in 1975, spread rumors of the ape becoming a human being. He wanted to make evolution a little easier and different. So he put up a picture of Rudolf Jellinger's Akano. The monkey is sitting, step by step he is standing up and "evolving" like a human being. Finally there is a full human being standing. The name of the picture was Road to Homo sapiens, the name is just as confusing.
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Howell wanted to explain how the characteristics of hominids have changed over the ages, how each trait has worked better for one species at a time. No, suddenly one species did not go from one species to another. But, the book gained that kind of popularity, it sold a lot. As a result, rumors spread in the mouths, ears and ears of people, "From monkeys to humans step by step."
Then the picture became known as March of Progress, and the species step was taken at 6 o'clock instead of 15 o'clock.
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What is actually in the picture?
To the far left of the 15-step image is Pliopithecus, which was 22-12 million years ago, the Gibbons' incest. Then, Proconsul. They existed until 21-9 million years ago. Scientists are skeptical about whether they are primates but apes. Then there is Dryopithecus, 15-6 million years ago. These are the possible incestors of modern apes. Then there is Oreooithecus, 15-6 million years old. -3 million years old, these are the first definite hominids. Then, Paranthropus, 1.6-0.6 million years old. Advanced Australopithecus, 1.6-0.6 million years old. Homo erectus, 6-4 million years ago. However, we now know that the first possible member is Homo habilis. Then there are Early Homo sapiens, 3-2 million years ago, they were early Homo sapiens. Then there is Homo. A sub-species of erectus, they existed 1.5 million years ago. Then, Homo rhodesiensis or Homo heidelbergensis, scientists are not sure what that is. They were about 30,000 years ago. Now there is Homo neanderthalensis, they were until 1 million 40,000 years ago. Then there is Cro-Magnon, the first Homo sapiens living in Europe 40-5 thousand years ago. Yavahomo sapiens, who have been around since 40,000 years ago. Here is the description of that picture.
Presented in this way, one would think that we evolved from Australopithecus to Erectus, from Erectus to Neanderthals, and from them to humans. But that is not the case. We, monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, and the like Those who are there now are our cousins, not our ancestors.
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Think of the hominin incestor as the root of a tree. From it, the stem, first a few main branches will come out from the stem, then the branch will come out from that main branch again. Well, if the branch comes out, there will be no more branches? Of course there will be. , Some branches will not grow up to the top, some branches will break. And this is how hominids evolved.
Homo sapiens is one of the tallest stalks, another stem 40,000 years below us, Neanderthals. They and I were together until 40,000 years ago. But their stalks didn't grow big anymore. Years down. Here is another branch, from which the twigs of the two of us originate. Scientists think, this branch is Heidelbergensis. If we go further down 4 million years from their branch, we will see another pair here From the stalk. They coexisted once again. This erectus stalk is again attached to the bottom with Homo habilis stalk. This stalk stalk again spreads up and down, if you look down it can be seen that it originated from the australopathicus branch. If I can, I will reach the hominin incest. I will go there and see how many more main branches, if I keep climbing, I will find chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, etc. at the very top.
Do you understand? Evolution is not straightforward, it is as wide as a tree. Humans are the tip of a branch of that tree, and monkeys are the tip of another branch completely different. If these branches go down, they will need to be paired below 6 million years. That is our common incest. Monkeys are our cousins, there is no question of people coming from monkeys. Can your cousin be your grandfather's father?
(Note that there is disagreement among scientists as to which species originated from which species and how long they lasted. I have tried to write from the most recent studies. But, it will not affect the process, rest assured, the process is the same.)
From the left side of the picture are Australopithecus, Habilis, Orgaster, Heidelbergensis, Erectus, Sapiens.
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If evolution improves, then why aren't all monkeys human or not? How are there still monkeys?
Reading point 2, you can understand that humans did not come from monkeys, monkeys are also the result of 60 million years of evolution, we are also the result of 80 million years of evolution. Monkeys are also the tip of a branch, so are we. So there is no question of all monkeys being human.
Now, the question can be asked a little differently. Humans are more intelligent than other animals, our way of life is better than others. So why didn't all animals evolve like us? I mean why did they lag behind us? If evolution improves, then we are the most advanced. , Why the rest did not improve?
At the root of this question are two misconceptions.
First, evolution is never for the better or for the worse. So how?
Suppose there are 10 turtles in a green field. 5 males, 5 females. All of them are brown in color. 1 male and 1 female will give birth to 2 children together. That means, 10 more turtles will come in the next generation. As a result of the mutation, the color of 1 tortoise became green. As a result, when the hunter sees it from above, he will not see the green tortoise in the green field. He will see the brown tortoises, and will eat many of them. As a result, the green tortoise survived. The greenish mutation will pass, so that the child will also survive the hunter's hand. And because the brown tortoises will be easily seen, they will continue to be hunted, thus the green tortoises will survive. This is natural selection. However, it was found that after a few days Raylona. As a result? Poor tortoise!
As a result of natural selection, a group of organisms get more advantages than others due to their special characteristics, so they survive. But there is no guarantee that that "comparative" advantage will actually be the ultimate benefit.
Again, evolution does not mean natural selection.
Through sexual selection, females can instill in males traits that are not conducive to males, such as peacock feathers that are large, colorful, with which peacocks breed, resulting in offspring with large, colorful feathers. , Prevents the peacock from running. But here, as a result of evolution, nothing very good happened
Again, there is a thing called genetic drift.
We think that evolution starts with mutations and ends with selection. But, a person who has a good knowledge of the theory of evolution knows that natural selection is nothing. The role of genetic drift is more to keep evolution moving. How is genetic drift?
Weren't there 10 turtles in Oiye? He was living a good life. Suddenly one day a big storm came. The trees collapsed in the storm. 4 turtles died.
Let's observe 1 minute of silence.
The end.
It turned out that the four tortoises that died had higher immunity. It could be! Nothing is impossible. And the rest, that is, the survivors, have less of this ability. Here, too, evolution is taking place, but the good trait or trait is destroyed. This is how genetic drift happens. Randomly a huge change occurs in the trait of a population. Since it is random, the good thing does not always survive, the bad thing also survives. So, collectively, evolution is not a progressive process.
Second, man is not an absolute being.
Monkeys are adapted to their environment. The qualities that are needed to live in the forest, the skills that are needed, are evolved in monkeys through evolution. So, depending on the environment in which they live, monkeys are the most advanced. . "
In fact, no. Will humans live 200 feet below the sea? Will they survive if they live on trees in the jungle? No. Why? Because we have evolved on land, we have evolved all the features necessary to live on land. There is no question that monkeys and humans evolve in the same way. For example, one of the differences between humans and monkeys is that they walk on two legs. Humans live on the ground, cannot be hung in the air, so we have evolved the feature of walking on two legs. Monkeys live in trees, can't walk on twigs, so they don't need to walk on legs, they hang from limbs with their hands and feet.
Now, as I write this, maybe even a monkey in the Amazon jungle is questioning,
"Monkeys are well-suited for survival, advanced. So why didn't humans evolve like monkeys? Damn Mia, evolution is wrong."
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And last but not least, the question, "How come there are still monkeys?" This question really means something else. The key point is, "If one species evolved from another, how did that first species survive? Why didn't all its organisms evolve?"
Got it?