What is the difference between structuralism and functionalism?

Structuralism and functionalism are two different approaches within the field of psychology that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They have distinct perspectives and goals:

1. Structuralism:

- Focus: Structuralism emphasizes the analysis of the basic elements or structures of consciousness. It seeks to understand the components of mental processes.

- Method: Structuralists used introspection, where individuals would reflect on and report their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in response to various stimuli.

- Goal: The primary goal of structuralism was to identify and describe the fundamental building blocks of the human mind, such as sensations, perceptions, and emotions.

- Key Figures: Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener are notable figures associated with structuralism.

2. Functionalism:

- Focus: Functionalism, on the other hand, focuses on the purpose or function of mental processes and behavior. It is more interested in how the mind adapts to its environment.

- Method: Functionalists relied less on introspection and more on empirical research, including observation and experimentation.

- Goal: Functionalists aimed to understand how mental processes and behaviors help individuals adapt to their surroundings, survive, and thrive. They were interested in the practical aspects of psychology.

- Key Figures: William James is a prominent figure associated with functionalism.

In summary, the key difference lies in their focus and goals. Structuralism seeks to break down consciousness into its basic components, while functionalism emphasizes the adaptive and practical functions of mental processes and behavior. Functionalism also marked a shift towards empirical and more scientifically rigorous methods compared to the introspective approach of structuralism.