Since its inception, the history of the Venezuelan people has been developing under countless wars and battles that have marked the future and as a result of the independence of the country, the original indigenous communities faced the Spanish rule who sought not only to invade their lands, but also to exterminate their people, put an end to their culture and the authenticity of those first inhabitants who arrived from the first migratory waves that emerged in the American continent. For decades the Spanish through their various Catholic kings and monarchs were in charge of administering the territory and subjugating the existing cultures, which later with the syncretism between Spaniards and Indians, plus the arrival of African slaves to the country, gave rise to miscegenation, the division of social classes (criollos, mulatos, zambos, pardos) and with it the social rebellions faced the Spanish crown.
Others who raised their voices through protests against the Spanish were the African slaves, denouncing the mistreatment that arose by the royal Guipuzcoana company (1728) without achieving great results and the rebellion of Juan Francisco de León in (1748 ). However, the Creole whites who were located in a higher social group and being cultured people with a great intellectual, economic and educational training took into account the ideals of the French Revolution (1789-1799), the illustration, the independence of the USA and the Haitian Revolution. Whose ideals of independence, equality and fraternity, as well as the fact that the Creoles did not possess the political power of the country, triggered a series of conspiracies and social oppositions against the monarchy.
One of the first conspiracies was that of José Leonardo Chirinos in (1795) who, at the head of slaves armed with machetes, demanded their freedom, the same among Venezuelans and the fall of the monarchs, this movement took place in the city of Coro, however not he was able to advance in his objective and the defeat was terrible. For the year (1797) another movement originated, this time it would be generated by Manuel Gual and José María España who managed to elaborate a plan in which the first republic would be established, with ideals of social equality, the abolition of slavery, the elimination of taxes, free trade and establishment of citizen rights, however the Spanish discovered the conspiracy and Manuel Gual and José María España had to go into exile in Trinidad.
By 1806 Francisco de Miranda, who had participated in the French Revolution, was preparing to make the country independent and part of the American continent, he would carry out two expeditions in his first expedition, he would arrive at Puerto Cabello on the Leander ship when they were discovered they had to flee to Trinidad and for August of that same year he would carry out the second armed expedition where he arrived at Puerto de la Vela but without popular support and ignorance of the reality in the Venezuelan province, the independence cause would fail and he would direct his troops to the Antilles.
On April 19, 1810, what would be the greatest feat achieved by the courageous Venezuelan people began, by trying to definitively break the economic, political, social and military ties that were maintained with the Spanish empire, the Creoles taking advantage of the French invasion in Spanish territory and in view of the fact that the crown was at war and had great economic expenses. The locals took advantage of the situation and with the participation of various social sectors, the military, intellectuals, the Mantuans, the clergy, the patriotic society and of course the people, they managed without bloodshed to make a plebiscite to Captain General Vicente Emparan in the Main square where the people were present, the pressure did not wait and the captain general, approaching the balcony of the town hall, managed to pronounce those words that would be engraved in the patriotic history of the country, since it was the beginning of what would be the end of the domain of the Spanish yoke in the territory.
The plebiscite of Emparan and the consultation with the people in the form of a question, if they wanted him to continue with his mandate?, Resulted in the rejection of the people because they did not want the continuity of the Spanish in power, to which he himself He replied, because I don't want the command either! And so the installation of a new congress would continue, which received the name of the Supreme Conservative Board and later the act signed by the characters who attended the town hall that day would be drawn up, in which it was stated that the Spanish would not hold any political power. , economic and social in the country, and that a new government would be established.
However, as previously mentioned that day was the beginning of the end of Spanish rule. April 19, 1810, cannot be attributed as the country's independence day, but as the beginning of a libertarian revolution that led to the independence of the territory later on. That day, the people of Caracas demonstrated that there is strength in the union, and that that ideal of independence would be maintained, the Spanish would not easily accept breaking existing ties and the independence ideal emerged from the hand of Francisco de Miranda, Simón Bolívar, Juan German Roscio among others, later the war of independence would break out. On July 5, 1811, the freedom of the Venezuelan people was made official, the representatives of the various provinces voted in favor, proclaiming the nation free from Spanish rule. The minutes were drawn up by Juan German Roscio and Francisco Isnardi and were later signed on July 8.
