Many people believe that certain well-known historical events have been manipulated by governments and other secret organisations to conceal the truth. Some of the better known beliefs are:
A secret society called the Illuminati controls the world. This shadowy organisation features in Dan Brown's novel Angels and Demons. Other powerful secret societies, including Opus Dei and the Priory of Sion, feature in his best-selling The Da Vinci Code.
Sinister groups were responsible for plotting the deaths of US President Abraham Lincoln, civil rights leader Martin Luther King, musician John Lennon and Princess Diana. Some people claim that the Mafia were responsible for assassinating US President John F. Kennedy. Others believe it was the work of Russian spies.
Inventions have been hushed up by big businesses and oil companies who fear loss of income if new technologies become available. These include light bulbs that last forever and ways of running cars on water.
Aliens from other planets have crashed on Earth at Roswell, New Mexico. Their bodies and spacecraft have been secretly examined in a place in Nevada, USA, known as Area 51, and the US government has acquired advanced weapon and space travel technology from them.
• Photographs of the Apollo Moon landings (20 July 1969) were faked by NASA in a TV studio. Conspiracy theorists have produced "evidence" such as the wrong sort of shadows and a lack of stars in the photographs, which were supposedly taken on the Moon's surface. They have even suggested that some astronauts were killed as part of the cover-up.
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