The destruction of Baghdad by Halaku Khan is one of the most horrific man-made massacres in the history of the world.
There are descriptions of the cruelty of the Mongols in various historical sources. The Baitul Hikmah Library in Baghdad was destroyed. As a result, many valuable books written on various subjects including medicine and astronomy were lost. According to the survivors, the river water turned black due to the ink of the book as a result of throwing innumerable books into the river.
Many monuments, palaces and mosques were destroyed in the Baghdad attack. Numerous books were destroyed and many eminent scholars and scientists were killed, thus extinguishing the flame of science and education and culture that had been kindled in Baghdad, the dream state of the Muslim world. The destruction of Baghdad, the archeological site of science, art and education in the world at that time, therefore, hampered the progress not only of the Muslim world but also of the whole world.
The famous Darul Hikamah contained almost all the knowledge gained in the last 500 years of human history. It is safe to say that Baghdad was famous for its translations. From India in the East to Greek civilization in the West, as many old and modern books as were available in different languages were mass-translated into Arabic in Baghdad.
So it would not be wrong to call Baghdad the Internet server of the world at that time. It is a matter of great regret that even those precious books could not escape the wrath of the Mongols. It is estimated that the Darul Hikma Library in Baghdad had a collection of one million books.
The entire collection was thrown into the Tigris River by the Halaku forces. If those priceless books survived, human civilization might not have to wait another 400 years before the European Renaissance arrived.
The Mongols massacred the civilians trying to flee. Women and children were also killed during this time. About 90,000 civilians are believed to have been killed in the massacre. Different numbers are found in other sources. According to the 14th century historian Wassaf, the death toll was in the millions.
The death toll is between 200,000 and 10,000,000, according to Ian Frazier of The New Yorker. The Mongols looted mosques, palaces, libraries and hospitals. As a result, all the buildings built over several generations were destroyed.
Caliph al-Mustasim was arrested. He was forced to watch the murder scene by city residents. The Mongols also looted the treasury. According to most sources, they wrapped the caliph in cloth and carried horses on him to kill him. However, according to tourist Marco Polo, the caliph was starved to death.
Later, many people converted to Islam. The first person in the dynasty of Genghis Khan's eldest son, Jawzi Khan, to convert to Islam is Barka Khan.
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