Sufism is a religious and philosophical movement that tries to explain the unity of God and the existence of the universe with the understanding of the Unity of Being (Vahdet-i Vücut). Sufism is defined as a way of searching and explaining the relations of man with himself, with other people and with God. "The universe is a single entity." The root of his philosophy goes back to Plato.
Vahdet means unity. Vahdet-i Vücut means One Body, One Entity. Sufism was developed by Iranian and Turkish thinkers and became a theory with the first dervish lodge established after Islam.
Sufism is not only the information provided by religious books, it is a movement of philosophy, research and emotion that tries to solve the mysteries of creation and the universe with a broad thought. According to Sufi thought, the universe is a single entity. This one being is also God. This is also called the Body-u Absolute (Absolute Being). Islamic Sufism is based on the rule of "There is no Being but God." According to this rule, all creatures are to demonstrate the existence of God. There really is a being and He is God. What we see are various aspects of God's existence. They made various metaphors to explain that everything is a manifestation (appearing) of God. It is the most common example of a mirror. Opposing mirrors give thousands of images of the presence in the middle. The mirrors remain empty when the middle entity is pulled. According to this philosophy, everything in the universe is the imagination of being in the mirror of nothingness. Therefore, man is also a dream of God. Among beings, the closest dream to God is human.
God created the universe out of love for him. For him, love is a God-specific quality. Love is God's secret. God must be approached with Love, not with fear, hope of benefit.
Being, beauty, and goodness are attributes of God. Absence, ugliness, and evil are the qualities that enable the attributes of God to be known. Because if there is no absence, there is no Being, if there is no ugliness, beauty, if there is no evil, good is unknown. Man has all these qualities. When a person removes the absence, ugliness and evil from himself; wealth, beauty and goodness will remain. To arrive at the property of this God is to participate in the existence of God.
According to Sufism belief, there are two types of love. Figurative Love and True Love. Figurative love is love for the temporary. True love is love for God. Man tries and develops his love of God in his figurative love. Because man is the closest and distinguished being to God. Human is made up of two elements. From me (skin) and Self (soul). The body (skin) is a temporary entity consisting of four elements such as earth, water, air and fire, and it will disappear. The essence (soul) is immortal and bears all the attributes of God. Man from God will turn to God again. However, this turn comes through various stages. It is necessary to gain knowledge of the heart, to mature and to enlighten.
Knowledge is the appearance of God in the human heart like a light. Maturation is the man's ability to get himself out of temporary beings and turn towards permanent essences. This is called progress on the road to God. And this progress is a rise. This rise is of two kinds. It happens when someone strives themselves of transitory beings, withdraws and contemplation. The second is by getting information. For man, knowledge is a guide that leads to the right path, God, the immortal, enlightenment (Light). As man ascends to God, he goes through many spiritual steps. This transition means transcending the different cards of the universe. The last floor reaches enlightenment (Nur) and reflects this enlightenment in its essence.
In Sufism belief, this is called attaining absolute existence (fenafillah) by defeating one's own soul and killing one's self. This is the human being freeing himself from the element of absence to find the God within. The person who finds the God inside says "Enel Hak" (I am God). People who reach this stage are called Insan-ı Kamil (Mature Human) in Sufism and "Ermiş" among the people. According to the "Holy" man who feels himself involved in the existence of God, there is no more duality in the universe. Everything is one. He can reach this stage after his death. However, those who reach the final degree of true love and become able to see God alone in everything can also reach this stage while living.
Hallâc-ı Mansur, the great Turkish thinker in the belief of Sufism, was hanged in Baghdad (922) because he said "Enel-Hak" (I am God). Here "Enel Hak." (I am God.), According to the belief of Sufism, "There is no real entity other than God in the universe." It means. This phrase does not mean "I am God". Hallâj-ı Mansur said this because he heard that his temporary existence disappeared in the presence of God, that is, he reached the level of "fenafillah".
Imam Gazali, Senaî, Attar, Muhiddin Arabi, Baba Eftal, Mevlânâ Celâleddin-i Rûmî, Hacı Bektaşi Veli, Yunus Emre have adopted the philosophy of Sufism and reflected its effects in their works.