Asalamalikum everyone ,How are you? I think all of you are well bay the grace of Allah Almighty. Today is beautiful Nature and today my topic is really very informative and interesting.i hope you like my thoughts . Todays topic was all about how drugs administered ...
How drugs are administered
A drug’s administration route influences the quantity given and the rate at which the drug is absorbed and distributed. These vari-ables affect the drug’s action and the patient’s response.
Buccal, sublingual, and translingual
Certain drugs, such as nitroglycerin, are given buccally (in the pouch between the cheek and teeth), sublingually (under the tongue), or translingually (on the tongue) to prevent their destruc-tion or transformation in the stomach or small intestine.
Gastric
The gastric route allows direct administration of a drug into the GI system. This route is used when patients can’t ingest the drug orally.
Intradermal
In intradermal administration, drugs are injected into the skin. A needle is inserted at a 10- to 15-degree angle so that it punctures only the skin’s surface. This form of administration is used mainly for diagnostic purposes, such as testing for allergies or tuberculosis.
Intramuscular
The IM route allows drugs to be injected directly into various mus-cle groups at varying tissue depths. This form of administration pro-vides rapid systemic action and allows for absorption of relatively large doses (up to 3 mL). Aqueous suspensions and solutions in oil as well as drugs that aren’t available in oral forms are given IM.Looks like I need to get involved here. The gastric route is used when a patient can’t ingest a drug orally.
Intravenous
The IV route allows injection of drugs and other substances directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Appropriate sub-stances to administer IV include drugs, fluids, blood or blood products, and diagnostic contrast agents. Administration can range from a single dose to an ongoing infusion that’s delivered with great precision.
Oral
Oral administration is usually the safest, most convenient, and least expensive route. Oral drugs are administered to patients who are conscious and able to swallow.
Rectal and vaginal
Suppositories, ointments, creams, or gels may be instilled into the rectum or vagina to treat local irritation or infection. Some drugs applied to the mucosa of the rectum or vagina can also be absorbed systemically.
Respiratory
Drugs that are available as gases can be administered into the respiratory system through inhalation. These drugs are rapidly absorbed. In addition, some of these drugs can be self- administered by devices such as the metered-dose inhaler. The respiratory route is also used in emergencies—for example, to administer some injectable drugs directly into the lungs via an endotracheal tube.
Subcutaneous
In subcutaneous (subcut) administration, small amounts of a drug are injected beneath the dermis and into the subcutaneous tissue, usually in the patient’s upper arm, thigh, or abdomen. This allows the drug to move into the bloodstream more rapidly than if given by mouth. Drugs given by the subcut route include nonirritating aqueous solutions and suspensions contained in up to 1 mL of fluid, such as heparin and insulin.
Topical
The topical route is used to deliver a drug via the skin or a mucous membrane. This route is used for most dermatologic, ophthalmic, otic, and nasal preparations.
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