Mariana Trench: The Deepest Place

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In the mysterious journey of nature, man has left nothing out of space, the bottom of the abyss, the highest mountain in the world. The biggest example is the “Mariana Trench”, hidden at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. People have repeatedly ignored the handcuffs of death to unravel the mystery. In the 17th century, the Spaniards established their own community in the Pacific Islands. The archipelago was later renamed “Mariana Islands” after Queen Mariana I of King Philip IV of Spain. 200 km east of this archipelago is the location of the deepest ocean floor in the world. The area is named Mariana Trench after the nearby Mariana Islands. The collision of two tectonic plates under the waters of the Pacific Ocean is thought to have caused one plate to sink and another to sink. And that is the creation of the Mariana Trench. The Mariana Trench is 2550 km long and 69 km wide. In 1875 the British ship "HMS Challenger" first identified its location. It was then renamed Mariana Trench. The depth of the Mariana Trench is estimated to be about 11034 meters. This deepest point in the Mariana Trench is named "Challenger Deep". Because it is so deep in the sea, sunlight does not reach it. Due to the depth of the sea level, the temperature of this place normally ranges from 1 to 4 degrees Celsius. And here the water pressure is 1086 bar per square inch or 7.875 tons, where the water pressure per square inch at sea level is 1 bar or 0.93 ton. If a person goes to the "Challenger Deep", his body will be crushed in a moment under the pressure of water. Due to this pressure, the water density of Mariana Trench is 4.97% higher than normal. Surprisingly, some pores at the bottom of the trench leak molten material at a temperature of about 700 degrees Fahrenheit, which is capable of burning any human body.

In this case, the question arises, is it possible for any life to exist in this environment?

In 1970, explorer "Jacques Picard" and US Navy Lieutenant "Don Walsh" launched an expedition to the Challenger Deep with a device called a "Bathyscope", which is built in Swiss and Italian technology. After 5 hours of effort, they were able to descend to 10916 meters. But at this depth they can only stay 20 minutes. When they were questioned when they returned, Picard claimed he had seen a flap fish there. But scientists could not agree with his claim.

However, in a 2011 expedition to the Mariana Trench, scientists found a single-celled amoeba of 4 inches long, along with many other microorganisms. In 2014, a species of snail fish was discovered at a depth of 8145 meters in the Mariana Trench. Several new species were found in the expedition. According to many, if the mystery of the Mariana Trench could be discovered, it would open up endless doors of bio medicine and biotechnology for the human race.

The Mariana Trench is one of the oldest seabeds in the world. It was created about 180 million years ago. Even if the whole of “Mount Everest” is lifted and dropped into the Mariana Trench, there will be about 2 kilometres of empty space at the top of the Mariana Trench. Famous Hollywood director “James Cameron” and his team built a small model submarine called "Deep Sea Challenger" in 5 years of effort for this Mariana Trench expedition. In 2012, after an effort of about two and a half hours, they were able to land deep in the Mariana Trench. They stayed there for about 3 hours. He was the first person to take a picture of "Challenger Deep".

Some of the animals found in the Mariana Trench are angler fish, sea cucumber, hermit crab, bio luminescent jellyfish, hunter tunicate, acorn worms, giant grenadier, giant amphipods, snail fish, abisal ghost shark, viper fish.

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