Al-Qur'an As Lantern of Civilization
Allah sent down the Qur'an for sure with a great purpose, none other than that to provide guidance for the truth to humans, to provide a glimmer of divine light that guides them to walk the path of life and life properly, and the Qur'an too. become a foundation of a noble system of life.
Because it could be that, without the guidance of Allah, without the guidance of the Qur'an, human life will become chaotic and will be far from the guidance of the blessings of life. With the Qur'an only, many people have turned away from the teachings of Allah's religion, especially if humans are allowed to live freely without rules. It could be that their lives are wilder than animals.
They were given reason but did not use their intellect to seek truth, they were given a heart but did not want to use it to know the truth, they were reluctant to smash the truth into their hearts so that their souls would be stained or chased by the light of divine truth. Allah empowers them like animals, even more despicable than animals.
"And indeed We made it (the contents of Hell Jahannam) mostly from jinn and humans, they have hearts, but they are not used to understand (Allah's verses) and they have eyes (but) they are not used to see (signs of Allah's power). , and they have ears (but) they do not use to hear (the verses of Allah). They are as livestock, they are even more astray. They are the ones who are negligent. " [QS: Al A'raf: 179]
The Koran becomes a lantern of civilization for mankind, then the lantern of civilization is the Qur'an and the Risalah of Islam, there the Qur'an tells how the life story of past generations and events that always take place in life that all runs in full balance which is extraordinary beyond the control of human power as the prosperity of the earth itself. this is a valuable lesson for humans who are living now.
Al-Qur'an also always brings the minds of humans to cross different dimensions of life, they are given a picture of how life after death in the world, how they will be raised, how they will be responsible for all their actions in the world. Finally, the Al-Qur'an also provides a picture of the real life, namely life in heaven with all its joys and life in hell with all its horrors.
"I prepare for my devout servants (in heaven), that is what the eye has never seen, the ear has never heard, and has never crossed the hearts of all human beings," then Rasulullah sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam said: "Read if you want. , 'No one knows the various blessings that await, which are beautiful to look at' (QS. As-Sajdah: 17) "HR. Bukhari [3244].
In other places, Allah compares the pleasures of heaven to the world in order to overthrow and undermine it. Rasulullah sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam said, "The place of whip in heaven is better than the world and everything in it". (Narrated by Bukhari: 3250).
The enjoyment of heaven is also described by Allah Ta'ala by calling humans who have successfully entered heaven and survived the torment of hell, as people who get a big victory. As Allah Ta'ala said (which means), "Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, surely Allah will put him in heaven which flows in rivers, while they are eternal in it; and that's a big victory "(QS. An-Nisaa ': 13)
"In front of him was Jahannam and he would be given a drink with pus water, drained of the pus and he could hardly swallow it" (Surah Ibrahim: 16-17). That is, they are given water that is very rotten and the smell is thick, so they feel disgusted and are unable to swallow it. "Was given a drink with hamiim (boiling water) so that it cut the intestines" (Surah Muhammad: 47). Hamiim is water that is boiled by the heat of the fire of Jahannam, which can melt the stomach contents and scatter the skin of those who drink it. As Allah Ta'ala said (which means), "With the water it is crushed, melt everything that is in their stomach and also (their) skin" (Surah Al-Hajj: 20).
Al-Qur'an is a description of the love of Allah for humans so that they have a "guide" who follows them so that they can live their lives and lives properly, safely in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, sometimes the Al-Qur'an came down as a response to an event that occurred or even as a response to an answer to a question that arose and was present to the Prophet. So this is called "asbabul nuzul" or the reasons for the decline of the Al-Qur'an. But most of the Qur'an came down in a natural process without incident or even a question.
The attention of 'Ulama Against Asbab An-Nuzul
The ʻulamas give great attention to the sciences related to the Qur'an, including the knowledge of Asbab An-Nuzul or knowledge of the causes of the descent of the Al-Qur'an. Al-Qur'an will be truly grounded in the hearts of its people when they really know and live up to the causes and how the revelation came down.
In the field of Al-Qur'an exegesis, the science of Asbab An-Nuzul has a very important position, because it can interpret the Qur'an in a wider and more profound way, therefore it appears among 'scholars who compose our own, which is related to science. Asbab An-Nuzul.
Among those who are famous are 'Ali Al-Madani, the teacher of Imam Bukhari, then Al-Wahidi with his book "Asbab An-Nuzul", then Al-Za'fari who summarizes the book of Al-Wahidi by removing all sanad for effectiveness and efficiency. the readers so that they immediately focus on all the events that become the "stimulus" of the derivation of the Qur'an.
There was also an Islamic Shaykh, Ibn Hajar Al-Asqolani, who compiled a book about An-Nuzul's asbab as well, but it is very unfortunate that his book was not found completely and comprehensively. Imam As-Suyuti found only one juz of his written manuscripts.
Then Imam As-Suyuti also did the same thing, he put all his end in mind and body, sweat and brain to compile a book related to An-Nuzul's asbab. So that came out a saying that shows the satisfaction of his masterpiece for all the conveniences that Allah has given, "Really I have compiled a complete, concise and comprehensive book. No one has written comparable works in this field, I named the book, Lubbabu Al-Manqul fi Asbab An-Nuzul ”.
Reference
1. Mabahis fil 'ulumul Qur'an li syaikh mana'il qathan
2. At-Tibyan fi 'ulumul Qur'an li Shaykh Ali Ash-Shobuni
3. And others
