FMCG (Fast-moving consumer goods) are items and goods that consumers
frequently purchase from the market, such as food, beverages, toiletries,
Cosmetics, tobacco, household products, etc. Pakistan has a population of
185.1 million as of 1st July 2014. This means that Pakistan has a great
demand for consumer goods. There is a very large industry of FMCGs in Pakistan.
Many multinational companies are investing heavily in Pakistan. Our FMCG
sector is witnessing large growth for the last 10-20 years. Unilever, for example,
sold products worth Rupees 60.535 billion in 2013, FMCGs are providing one
of the largest employment opportunities in the country. A few of the most
famous multinational and national FMCGs of Pakistan are as follows.
Unilever Pakistan
Reckitt and Benckiser
Lakson Tobacco
Dalda
Nestle
Shan Food Industries
Proctor and Gamble
Pepsi Cola
Shezan International
Chemicals and minerals
There are thousands of different products on the market. These products are made from raw materials. Chemicals are used in the process of converting raw materials into products. Chemical and minerals industries are required in almost all manufacturing industries. For example:- chemicals are used for the manufacture of plastic, paper, soap, pharmaceutical, dyes, agriculture, textile, paint, electronics, etc.
Though the chemical industry has a fundamental importance, Pakistan is not up to the mark in this sector This is one of the main reasons that Pakistan lags in local manufacturing in all sectors as compared to other countries. In other parts of the world, the percentage of chemicals and minerals industries in their industrial mix are Very Pakistan chemical industries comprise only 0.02% of our wine ranked 93rd in the global export of chemicals.
The chemical industry of Pakistan can be classified broadly into categories, they are petrochemicals, agro chemicals, and mineral od chemicals. Caustic Soda, Soda Ash, Sulphuric Acid, and Chlorine have acquired a Sufficient production capacity in the country and are exported.
Petroleum
Petroleum and carbon-related fuels have great importance. There is a large An industry that processes petroleum and its related products. There are several stages involved, such as exploration, drilling, importing, marketing, and transportation (using trucks and pipelines). Petroleum has several uses, such as the construction of roads, fuel tor automobiles and jets, heating for manufacturing chemical and products, production of rubber, fertilizers, and petrochemicals such as plastiCs, fiber, gel, etc
There are three main types of industries working in the Petroleum sector of Pakistan. I hey are Petroleum exploration companies (such as Mari Petroleum Company Limited and Pakistan Petroleum), Petroleum marketing companies (such as Shal Pakistan and PSO) oil refineries (such as Pak-Arab Kelinery Limited, Attonb refinery, and national refinery). They create a large number Of jobs in the engineering sector of Pakistan.
Iron, steel, and metals
Metals and iron are present on Earth in the form of rocky ores. Iron and metals are manufactured in a blast furnace by heating these rocky ores with coke. A blast furnace is a furnace that can heat things exceeding 1300 "C. This temperature is enough to melt metals. The impurities of metal ores are removed by adding limestone. Pig iron is the product that is obtained from the furnace. Steel is manufactured by further refinement of pig iron with limestone when other metals like nickel and chromium are added to it. This whole process takes place in the steel manufacturing industry.
Pakistan Steel Mills is the biggest steel manufacturer in Pakistan. It fulfills most of the steel requirements of the country. It has the capacity of producing 1.1 million tonnes of steel. It was formed with the cooperation of the Russian government in the 1970s. There are also private companies making steel, such as Ittihad steel, Ittefaq Steel and PakSteel.
Cement and building materials
Roads, buildings, airports, and even your own house cannot be built without cement. Cement is the most important material used in construction. It is made when limestone is heated, crushed, and mixed with certain additives such as gypsum and clay. Cement manufacturing requires a lot of fossil fuel burning. In Pakistan, natural gas is used for this purpose.
Pakistan's cement production capacity is around 45 million tonnes. Pakistan also exports the cement produced in excess of our requirement. There are more than 30 cement companies registered with the Karachi Stock exchange. Some of the famous names are Askari Cement (Wah), Attock Cement or Falcon Cement (Lasbela, Baluchistan), DG Khan Cement (two plants in DG Khan and one in Chakwal), Lucky Cement (Lakki Marwat), etc.
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