A complete blood count, known as a CBC, can tell the doctor a lot about your condition. What are normal blood levels? How to read a blood count?
Your doctor may ask you to take a blood count or a CBC. What does a complete blood count mean? The normal proportions of the blood picture vary from gender to another, and from age to another.
blood components
A complete blood count (CBC) is a test performed to clarify the number of different blood cells that make up the blood. Blood is a liquid called plasma that mainly consists of water in addition to some other components. Red blood, platelets, these cells are produced primarily in the bone marrow and initially mature there, then under normal conditions these cells are released into the bloodstream.
Blood cells have normal shapes and numbers that should not decrease or exceed the normal proportions determined for them, but in pathological conditions, the number of one of them may increase or may decrease. Also, the shapes of some cells may change, for example in cases of leukemia, the number of white blood cells increases, Sickle cell anemia changes the shape of the red blood cells to the sickle or crescent shape and so on.
What does a complete blood count reveal?
Anemia of all kinds.
Autoimmune diseases.
Drought.
Infections.
Bone marrow disorders.
blood cancer.
Lymphoma.
Some tumors.
Myelodysplastic syndrome.
Thalassemia.
Nutritional deficiencies (for example: iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid).
Cancer that has spread to the bone marrow.
What does a CBC measure?
White blood cells (WBCs)
There are five types of these cells that differ in shape from each other and each has a function, these types are:
Neutrophils. Neutrophils or neutrophils.
Eosinophils are acid-loving cells.
Basophils are base-loving or alkaline cells.
Lymphocytes.
Monocytes are mononuclear cells.
In a CBC, the total white blood cell count is measured, along with the specific number of each type (the absolute number plus the percentage of each type).
Acidophilic, neutral and alkaline cells together are called granulocytes, these are the mature types of them, sometimes there are immature types of these granulocytes called Staff, due to certain diseases.
Red blood cells (RBCs)
These cells are produced in the bone marrow and then, when fully mature, move into the bloodstream.
The ideal life span for these cells is 120 days, after this period these cells degrade and vanish and other cells are produced again.
Several other factors can affect the life of your red blood cells, such as heavy bleeding.
Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that transports oxygen to parts of the body.
The measurements of red blood cells in a complete blood count count are as follows:
Hemoglobin HB: It is the protein found in red blood cells. The level of hemoglobin in the blood varies according to the patient’s age and sex.
The number of red blood cells (RBCs): the red cells are counted in the blood count and have a normal percentage that varies according to the age and sex of the patient.
Hematocrit Hct ratio: It means the amount of blood that consists of red blood cells, a decrease in this percentage means a decrease in the amount of iron or hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Mean corpuscular volume MCV: This means the average volume of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Mean MCH hemoglobin concentration: This means the average hemoglobin present in the red cells.
Mean MCHC Hemoglobin Concentration: This calculates the average hemoglobin concentration in red cells.
RDW: It shows the variability in red blood cell volume specifically in the whole blood count.
Reticulocyte Count: This measures the absolute number or percentage of new red blood cells in the blood.
Platelets
Platelets are special cell fragments that play an important role in normal blood clotting when bleeding or wounds occur.
A person who does not have sufficient platelets may have an increased risk of excessive bleeding and bruising.
An excess of platelets can lead to excessive blood clotting or if platelets are not working properly.
A blood count measures the number and size of platelets present.
Blood film test
A blood smear examination is performed to identify the appearance of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. By making a blood smear or smear on a glass slide, which is examined by a specialist under a microscope.
The reason for its procedure is to distinguish between different types of white blood cells, to determine their percentages in the blood, and to know the presence of immature cells, in order to help discover, diagnose or monitor a group of diseases and disorders.
Through this examination, the appearance of red blood cells becomes clear, which helps in diagnosing many diseases.
Also, the shape of platelets appears, and the presence of abnormal platelets appears or not, and from their appearance and the way they are collected, some other conditions can be diagnosed.
Normal proportions for complete blood count analysis
Normal ratio of CBC for female adults:
Normal results of a complete blood count for an adult male:
The normal range for a CBC test for children 6-12 years:
Normal blood count ratios for children younger than six years old differ from previously.
Read a CBC analysis
Red blood cells
Low hemoglobin, in particular, in addition to the rest of the other tests previously mentioned in the red blood cells, means that you have anemia, as well as the results of a blood smear may help determine this, so the doctor may ask you for some other tests to determine the type of anemia.
High hemoglobin and possibly some other red blood cell tests are useful in diagnosing you with some blood diseases such as polycythemia, or not, other blood tests may also be required.
White blood cells
The total number of WBCs
Causes of low white blood cell count
Bone marrow disorders.
Having autoimmune diseases.
Severe infections.
Lymphoma or other cancer that has spread to the bone marrow.
Malnutrition.
Immune system diseases (such as HIV / AIDS).
Causes of high white blood cell count
Infection with bacterial or viral.
Inflammation in the body.
Leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Allergy and asthma.
Tissue death from burns, bruising, or heart attack.
Neutrophils
Causes of High Neutrophils
Severe infection.
Having autoimmune diseases.
Malnutrition.
Reaction to drugs.
HIV.
Myelodysplasia.
Damage to the bone marrow due to chemotherapy, radiotherapy or others.
Cancer that spreads to the bone marrow.
Causes of Low Neutrophils
Acute bacterial infections.
Shock, heart attack, or burns.
Severe stress.
Some types of leukemia.
Cushing's syndrome.
Lymphocytes
Causes of Low Lymphocytes
Autoimmune diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis.
Infections such as: HIV, viral hepatitis, and also typhoid fever, influenza and Covid-19.
Damage to the bone marrow from chemotherapy, as well as radiation therapy.
Taking corticosteroid medications.
Causes of elevated lymphocytes
Acute viral infections, such as: chickenpox, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV), including rubella and herpes.
Some bacterial infections such as those that cause pertussis and tuberculosis.
Toxoplasma disease.
A chronic inflammatory disorder such as ulcerative colitis.
Lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma.
Acute stress.
Monocytes
Causes of Frequent Decreased Monocytes
Damage or failure of the bone marrow.
Some types of leukemia.
Aplastic anemia.
Causes of Monocytes High
Chronic infections such as tuberculosis and fungal infection.
An infection inside the heart, such as bacterial endocarditis.
Collagen vascular diseases such as: lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis.
Types of leukemia.
Causes of elevated acidophilic Eosinophils
Asthma and allergies.
Some drug interactions.
Parasitic infections.
Inflammatory disorders such as: inflammatory bowel disease.
Some types of cancer or lymphomas.
Addison's disease.
Basophils causes elevated alkaline-loving cells
Rare allergic reactions such as a food allergy.
Inflammations.
Some types of leukemia.
uremia.
Platelets
Causes of low platelets
Viral infection such as: measles or viral hepatitis.
Presence of antibody to platelets.
Taking some medications, for example: quinidine and acetaminophen, as well as sulfa drugs.
cirrhosis.
Autoimmune diseases.
Leukemia and lymphoma.
Myelodysplasia.
Chemotherapy and likewise radiation therapy.
Causes of high platelets
Cancer.
Autoimmune diseases such as lupus.
Iron deficiency anemia.
Cracking anemia.
Myeloproliferative disorder.
Corona blood picture analysis
When you are suspected of being infected with the COVID-19 virus, a set of tests will be necessary; Especially examining the blood picture, it has been observed to decrease the number of lymphocytes in people with Coronavirus, but it is not all cases, and also some infected cases may experience a decrease in the number of total white blood cells.
The complete blood count analysis shows a lot of things about the components of the blood, as we have seen the blood count or the so-called CBC test includes many things, each of which has an indication, the normal proportions of the blood picture differ according to your age and gender.
blood circulation is really very important for our body. There are 3 types of blood in our body.