An Informative Idea about Hazards in Prenatal Development

Around to 10 to 20 percent pregnancy faces disability. Risk factors in prenatal period can be occurred in different sections.

Political, social and economic status of women is an integral part of pregnancy success.

Risks are common in every pregnancy. But healthy prenatal care and positive support can minimize the all risks in pregnancies. The existing risks are:

Age factors:

# the mother under age of 20 called teenage mother can be faced higher risk of medical complications like;

·         Premature baby

·         Hypertension during pregnancy

·         Have a low birth weight baby

·         Pre eclampsia problem

·         Nutritional deficiencies

·         Excess blood pressure

·         Immature pelvic etc.

# the mother over 30 has to face many complications during pregnancy period like;

·         High blood pressure

·         Obesity problem

·         Anemia

·         diabetes

·         Thyroid problems

·         Asthma

·         UTI

·         Chromosomal abnormalities

 Working women during pregnancy:                                                      

Women in work during pregnancy are related to personal fulfillment of economic necessity. Women in various professionals have been found to be at an increased risk of experiencing a fetal problem. Especially the women are at higher risk who are employed in the textile industry.

Psychoactive drugs:

The growing fetal brain is especially vulnerable to different toxins. These drugs that act on the nervous system, modify perceptions and sometimes change moods. These are;

·         Caffeine

·         Alcohol

·         Nicotine

·         Illicit drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, heroin etc.

Incompatible blood types:

Mother’s and father’s blood incompatibility creates a risk to prenatal development. Surface maker which is called the Rh factor is present in individual’s red blood, the person is said to be Rh positive and if it is not present, person is said to be Rh negative. If a pregnant woman is Rh negative and the male is Rh positive the fetus may be Rh positive. In that case, the mother’s immune system may make antibodies which can cause different problems like stillbirth, miscarriage, jaundice, anemia, brain damage, heart defects or sudden death just after birth.

Maternal diseases:

Every woman should have a blood test before they become pregnant. Maternal infections and diseases can produce different defects by crossing the placenta. Sometimes it can cause damage during birth. Some diseases which can create prenatal defects like rubella, syphilis, diabetes etc.

Maternal diet and nutrition:

A healthy embryo depends fully on its mother for nutritional status which comes from the mother’s blood. Mother’s total caloric intake and mother’s intake of protein, minerals, and vitamins has great impact on the nutritional status of the embryo. Mother’s consumption of folic acid, B-complex vitamin is more important for normal prenatal development.

Emotional stress of maternal period:

High maternal anxiety, stress during pregnancy period can have long term effect for the developing fetus and after the child. If a pregnant woman experiences extreme fears, negative mentality, negative emotions, anxieties, it may affect her growing fetus.

Environmental hazards:

Many hazards of our modern industrial society can cause bad impacts on the embryo or fetus. Specific hazards are radiation, toxic wastes, and chemical pollutants. Every x-ray radiation can affect the developing embryos especially in the first weeks just after conception, when women do not yet know that they are actually become a mother.

Some important recommendations should be made to make these risk able conditions less harmful:

·         Foods

·         Rests

·         Antenatal care

·         Family planning

·         Intra natal and postnatal care

·         Orientation programs

·         Awareness and community etc.