Most of us, adults, work for at least one-third of our day. Often, before the end of the working day, we get carried away by the various tasks we have to do, then unexpectedly feel mentally drained or even pained. In fact, there are many factors that contribute to our workplace well-being that are linked to the work environment, the materials treated, the equipment, the roles, etc. These considerations must be taken into account by both job owners and workers in order to maintain a safe workforce, improve productivity and prevent occupational diseases.
Occupational diseases are described by the World Health Organization as those' contracted primarily as a result of exposure to risk factors arising from work activity.' Let us investigate in depth some of the most infamous workplace diseases and work out how to prevent them.
Occupational overuse syndrome
Among the most common occupational diseases is Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS). This condition arises, as the name suggests, when a certain operation is carried out over a period of time where the affected region is overused. In other words, it is triggered by any repetitive work practice or operation that causes the muscles to be kept tight and rigid for long periods. For instance, for desk-based workers, prolonged incorrect seating postures may lead to OOS.
The symptoms of OOS gradually grow and intensify over time; OOS can lead to loss of muscle power, burning sensations in the tissues, and sleep disturbances if not managed. Mild signs include tiredness, headaches, anxiety, and lack of attention. In muscles, joints, tendons, and nerves, patients may also feel numbness, tingling, and spasms, as well as irritation or constant pain.
Pain relieving and anti-inflammatory medicines, relaxation exercises, and physiotherapy are used in the care of OOS. Workers and employers should avoid repeated repetitive movements, take frequent breaks, and maintain proper postures and a reasonable level of general health in order to prevent OOS.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder
A category of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves are Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). These disorders result from frequent, forceful, or rapid movements of the arm and hand; the production of WMSDs often leads to harsh temperatures and vibration.
Owing to prolonged muscle contractions that reduce the flow of blood, muscle injuries occur. As a consequence, the accumulation of certain substances that are formed within the muscles causes discomfort and pain. In order to allow certain irritating substances to travel with the blood flow, the intensity of the pain depends on the frequency of contractions and the intervals between operations.
In tendons with sheaths located in the hand and wrist, tendon injuries may occur. The liquid that lubricates the friction of the tendon with its sheath decreases or becomes less efficient with repeated or prolonged movement, causing tendon area inflammation and swelling. Tendons without sheaths, on the other hand, are found around the shoulder, elbow and forearm; when repeatedly tensed, the fibers of these tendons may break apart.
As repeated movements and uncomfortable postures cause the tissues around them to swell and compress them, nerves damage them. The compression of nerves weakens the muscles and induces numbness and tingling sensations.
WMSDs may progress from mild to serious, so the treatment can differ from topical therapy to advanced surgery. It is advisable for employers to implement mechanization for activities that endanger human health in order to prevent WMSDs; they can also apply a job rotation policy that encourages employees to switch between various tasks, involving different muscle groups.
