Introduction: An important element of human civilization is facing a great crisis in the environment today. Along with the progress of human civilization in the development of science and technology, the world nature and environment are being sacrificed. The diversified and extensive use of natural resources has pushed mankind to the brink of catastrophe, just as mankind has climbed to the golden peak of success by upsetting the balance of the environment. The greenhouse effect is basically the terrible grip of environmental pollution that has brought human civilization to the brink of certain destruction today.
Green House: The English word Green House in Bengali means green house. In the polar regions and Scandinavian countries, the shortage of sunlight has exacerbated the shortage of essential vegetables. So there scientists discovered a special kind of glass house for cultivation. Vegetables and plants are planted in this house to protect it from extreme cold. As glass is a heat conductor, sunlight enters the glass room and heats the interior. But the heat inside cannot be renewed and the cold outside cannot come inside. Plants can easily grow in hostile and cold environments as sunlight can enter this glass house. Scientists have named this special house Green House.
The Green House Effect: The famous Swedish chemist Sovente Arhenias first used the concept of the Green House Effect in 1896. There are different gas layers in the atmosphere around the earth. The light from the sun travels through space, penetrates the layers of this gas and reaches the earth's surface, heating the earth's surface. Much of this heat is re-radiated and returned to space. Scientists believe that the Earth's atmosphere is made up of a variety of heat-conducting gases. This gaseous coating retains heat from the sun. This gaseous coating is like the glass of a greenhouse. As the amount of this insulating gas increases, so does the global warming. Scientists have described this condition as a greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases: Greenhouse gases heat the atmosphere by trapping a portion of the radiated heat from the earth's surface. The greenhouse gases are- 1. Carbon dioxide (Co_ {2}) - 50% Methane (CH_ {4}) - 19% 3. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) - 16% 4. Nitrous oxide (N_ {20}) - 4% 5. Ozone (O_ {3) - ৮%. Water vapor - 2%. Although the moderate presence of these gases is essential for the normal and favorable environment of the earth, at present their quantity in the atmosphere is increasing alarmingly.
The source of the greenhouse effect: The world's population is constantly growing. Due to this increasing population, as the amount of carbon-di-oxide in nature is increasing, so is the deforestation for cultivation to provide shelter and food for the growing population. But forests maintain the balance of carbon-di-oxide in the environment. Again, vehicles and industries are growing in line with the population. The amount of greenhouse gases from these fumes is increasing uncontrollably. Moreover, the combustion of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, wood, coal, etc., has led to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in nature. CFC gas is emitted from household products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, refrigerators, various sprays. These gases are causing natural disasters by heating the overall environment of the earth. Basically all of these are the cause or source of the greenhouse effect.
Impact of the greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is a tragic consequence for the world and a catastrophe for the natural environment. The deadly effects of greenhouses are gradually warming the earth's surface and atmosphere. As a result of the greenhouse effect, global warming has already begun to melt the polar ice caps and sea levels are rising. Thus the sea level is 1-1.5 m. By 2050, the lowlands of countries like the Maldives will be submerged forever. 20 crore people will be refugees. Moreover, the effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays will increase the incidence of various complex diseases, including skin cancer. Fires will occur in different parts of the world. The process of desertification will begin in different parts of the green earth. In addition, heavy rains, acid rain, cyclones, tidal surges will endanger the livelihood of the earth.
Disruption in the ozone layer: People use air conditioners, plastic foams, refrigerators, aerosols, etc., from which harmful gases called CFCs are emitted. This gas is destroying the ozone layer in the natural enclosure. This ozone layer filters harmful ultraviolet rays of sunlight into the earth and helps the earth's surface heat to return to space in the process of radiation. The presence of CFC gas at a higher rate and the continuous launch of spacecraft into space are piercing the ozone layer. It will bring great danger to the human race and our future generations will have no choice but to wait anxiously for future existence.
Impact of the greenhouse effect on agriculture: As a result of the greenhouse effect, the sea level rises and the lowlands are submerged, the production of food grains in those areas will be greatly reduced. People will fail to get the food they need. As a result of increase in temperature, the water of rivers, canals, beels, haors, etc. will dry up. This disrupts crop production. Besides, fruits and seeds will not be nourished. The amount of fruits and flowers in the crop will be reduced. The taste of fruits, roots and vegetables will change. Tree growth will decrease and the incidence of various diseases will increase. Many plants and plants will become extinct. Overall, the lack of food grains will bring disaster to the overall life.
Impact of greenhouse effect in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is not free from the serious effects of global warming caused by the greenhouse effect. If the sea level rises to 3 m with increasing temperature. If it increases then the islands like Bhola, Hatia, Sandwip, Saint Martin etc. and the Haor region of Barisal, Patuakhali, Khulna, Satkhira and Sylhet i.e. one tenth of the country will be submerged and the Royal Bengal Tiger will become extinct and the aquatic resources will be destroyed. About 15% of arable land and 3.30% of forest will be lost. If the sea level rises by 100 cm, salt water will infiltrate in an area of 25,000 sq km. This will make the land unsuitable for agriculture and freshwater sources will be extinct. In addition, the greenhouse effect will increase the incidence of desertification, acid rain, heavy rainfall, weather disasters and storm surges.
Ways to control the greenhouse effect: Scientists around the world today warn of the catastrophe caused by the greenhouse effect. They are thinking about how to protect the flora and fauna from its adverse effects. Ways to control the greenhouse effect are as follows-
- Tree planting should be done at a higher rate in public and private initiatives. Because the only tree absorbs carbon dioxide.
- Free deforestation and deforestation must be prevented.
- People should be encouraged to plant 4/5 trees before cutting 1 tree.
- By reducing the use of fossil fuels, solar energy, wind energy and ocean currents should be utilized.
> - Emissions of gases that increase the temperature of the atmosphere and damage the weight level should be reduced.
- Use wood as an alternative to wood and furniture, doors and windows as fuel.
- Industries should use technology that reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
- Intrusion of sea salt water in freshwater reservoirs and rivers should be stopped.
- Necessary dams should be provided to control floods and protect the land from being submerged in water.
- Everyone needs to be aware of the bad side of the greenhouse effect.
Conclusion: People are destroying and abusing natural resources in order to make life happy and comfortable through the advancement of knowledge and science and the advancement of technology. And the cruel consequence of this is the greenhouse effect. As a result, the environment and public life of our host world is under threat today. Therefore, in order to live in a safe environment and a comfortable world, developed and developing countries need to become more aware and work together. Everyone needs to think far-sightedly and take far-reaching plans, initiatives, steps and implement them to address the impact of the greenhouse effect.
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