Corona virus and blood group

Key words:

The new corona virus does not infect everyone equally. Not everyone is equally affected. Studies have shown that those with blood type O are the least affected and those with group A are the most affected with Covid-19.

Analysis:

Anyone can be infected with the new corona virus. But it has been found that - because of certain characteristics of the blood that is inherited, the attack of the virus on each person is different. Before analyzing this, some ideas can be given about blood.

History:

Blood is an aqueous substance flowing inside the body. In 1818, the English physician William Harvey was the first to publish a complete map of the blood circulation in the human body. Since then doctors have become enthusiastic about blood.

Doctors find that the blood of one person enters the body of another, sometimes even the blood of other animals entering the human body in need of treatment - it causes a fatal accident and the patient dies. About 300 years later, in 1900, an American doctor, Karl Landsteiner, discovered the cause of the accident and discovered that the blood type of each person in the human body is different. Name: Blood Group.

He divides the blood into three groups based on some of the chemicals in the blood. A, B, C. Later he named this C as O. This O is called Zero in some countries. However, in most countries the English alphabet is called O. This O is derived from the German word 'Ohne', which means Null or Zero. The whole process is called ABO Blood Group for short. Karl Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1930 for this reason.

In addition to this ABO, many other methods have been discovered in the last hundred years to determine the blood type in the human body. There are currently 36 types of blood group systems based on 346 types of chemicals in the blood. The ABO system is its only, widely used, and rumored.

ABO Blood Group:

Blood is made up of two components. Some cells, some water. There are three types of cells called RBC, WBC, Platelets. The part of the water is called plasma. This plasma is 95% water and the rest contains some chemicals like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

The ABO method is divided into two components in the blood. One is called Antigen, the other is called Antibody. Antigen is something that can enter the body from outside and attack the body. Antibody is the body's own chemical in response to that antigen that kills that antigen. Both these antigens and antibodies in the blood are inherited from the parents by birth and they circulate in the blood from birth. For this reason, the type of antigen antibody, the type of blood.

These antigens can be proteins, lipids or carbohydrates. They are mainly present in the lining of RBC cells. There are two types of antigens. Antigen A and Antigen B.

Antibodies are present in the plasma part of the water. There are two types of antibodies. Antibody A and Antibody B.

In the ABO method, four types of blood are grouped based on the presence and absence of these two types of antigens in the blood.

1. Blood Group A: Who has antigen A in their blood.

2. Blood Group B: Who has antigen B in their blood.

3. Blood Group AB: Whose blood contains both antigens A and B.

4. Blood Group O: Whose blood does not have one of the two antigens.

Antibodies in these four blood groups are the exact opposite of antigens.

1. Blood Group A: Antigen A is present, but antibody B is present

2. Blood Group B: Antigen B is present, but antibody A is present

3. Blood Group AB: Antigens A and B are both present, but no antibodies are present

4. Blood Group O: No antigen, but both antibodies, A and B.

The antagonism of such antigenic antibodies makes it easier to determine what type of blood can be inserted into a person's body. This is because if the same antibody A is injected into the body of a person who has antigen A, then the blood cells will stick to each other like eighteen, then the blood circulation will be reversed. This group then looks at who has the antigen antibodies in their blood and whose blood can be injected into the body.

Because of this type of blood group, there are some self-evident characteristics of who can donate blood to whom and who can take what type of blood. This part will be useful to remember or save for your own needs.

1. Those whose blood type A: They can take blood only those whose blood type A or group O. But blood can be given to those whose blood group is A or whose group is AB.

2. Those whose blood type B: They can take blood only those whose blood group B or group O. But blood can be given to those whose blood type is B or group AB.

3. Those whose blood type is AB: they can take blood from anyone - from groups A, B, O and AB. But only those with group AB can donate blood.

4. Those whose blood type O: They can take blood only those whose blood type O. They cannot take blood from any other group. But they can donate blood to anyone of all groups - A, B, AB or O.

Many people say that the above blood donation is done in two conclusions.

1. Group AB is called Universal Recipients. That means they can take anyone's blood.

2. Group O is called Universal Donors. That means they can give blood to anyone.

Blood group of Kovid-19 sufferers:

A study conducted in the New England Journal of Medicine last month published a study of 19 patients with Covid 19 in seven hospitals in two European countries, Italy and Spain.

Research shows that -

1. People with blood type A: They are most likely to be infected with the coronavirus and the problem can get worse. As a percentage which is 45% more likely than other blood groups.

2. People with blood group O: They are less likely to have coronary heart disease and severe problems. As a percentage which is 35% less than the other groups.

Caution: The above settlement does not mean that the people in group A will have more covid 19, and the people in group O will have less. Many newer coronavirus infections and the progression of fatalities after infection depend on previous physical problems, age, immunity, environment, and even the strain of the virus, with the blood group emerging from the study as a less serious feature. This means that people in group O can also be infected with covid and die. People in group A may not be affected and the problem may not be serious.

How the research team came to the conclusion:

Not by examining the blood group, but by doing a genetic analysis of the infected, he found that the genetic codes that are responsible for the blood group, some patients have a clear predominance and many others are less.

Chromosome 3 and chromosome 9 are mainly responsible for ABO Blood Grouping. Genetic analysis of Covid infected showed that two chromosomes, number 3p21.31 and number 9, 9q34.2, were predominant. Through various analyzes, it was concluded that group A patients have a higher risk of developing serious problems and group O patients have a lower risk.

In addition to Italy and Spain, two studies have been conducted in China and the United States on the relationship between blood group and covid. The same results were found there.

Conclusion:

Although the genetic cause of why some people in blood group A are more infected than others and people in group O are less affected, it is not yet known how this genetic trait affects the virus or how the virus attacks the body of such traits. Hopefully, the mystery will come out in the coming days.

Source:

1. NEJM: New England Journal of Medicine

2. medRxiv: The Preprint Server for Health Science

3. NHSBT: NHS Blood and Transplant UK

4. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

5. Encyclopaedia of Britannica