Acid rain is a type of rain in which water is acidic in nature. In this case the pH of water is less than 8. It is a type of rain in which acid is present.
Acid rain is caused by a mixture of various acidic oxides or acids and in most cases the pH of rain water is equal to or less than 5.6 As a result of this rain, plants, animals, birds, aquatic animals, animals, buildings were severely damaged. Sulfur-di-oxide (SO2), sulfur-tri-oxide (NO3), nitrogen-di-oxide (NO2) and many other gases emitted from various mills react with water vapor in the air to form acid rain. In order to protect the world from acid rain, governments of various countries took various measures in the 1980's to prevent the emission of these gases from factories. Acid rain is also caused by a variety of natural causes (such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc.). As a result, acid rain has become one of the main problems in the world today.
The term "acid rain" was first used in 1852 by the Scottish chemist Robert Angus Smith (1817-184) when he first worked on rainwater in some industrial cities in England and Scotland. This acid rain was an important part of his book Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology (182). But acid rain first appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s in western Europe and eastern North America. However, acid rain is also found in Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. [1]
Acid rain is very likely in areas or areas where there are more industries and air pollution. Acid rain can be thought of as a result of the adverse effects of climate change. Not only on Earth, we see acid rain, but it is also known to occur on a massive scale in Venus.
, Edit causes of acid rain
Acid rain
There are two main causes of acid rain or acid rain. E.g.
1. Man-made causes - Sulfuric acid is one of the most commonly used chemicals in almost every industrial plant. So sulfur dioxide gas is emitted from different factories. This sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas is oxidized by oxygen in the air which produces sulfur trioxide (SO3) gas. Again the vehicle emits nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas. In addition, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by humans burning fuels and their respiration.
N2 + O2 ——> 2NO; (Lightning, 3000 C)
2NO + O2 ——> 2NO2;
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2——> 4HNO3
NO + O3 ——> NO2 + O2;
NO2 + NO3 ——> N2O5, N2O5 + H2O ——> 2HNO3
2. Natural causes - Lightning is one of the natural causes. Lightning produces nitrogen dioxide gas in the air at high temperatures. Volcanic eruption burns minimal sulfur and releases sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) into the atmosphere. In addition, huge amounts of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere due to forest fires caused by wildfires due to the summer drought. These gases continue to exist in the atmosphere. This time the area where the air level is higher than all these gases is the area where the rain water comes down from the clouds and penetrates the air layer. Then the chemical reaction takes place. All of these gases are mixed with rainwater to form mild acid and it comes down to the earth through rain.
CO2 + H2O> H2CO3 (light carbonic acid)
2SO2 + O2 ——> 2SO3 (300 - 400 nm wavelength reaction)
SO2 + O3 ——> SO3 + O2, SO3 + H2O ——> H2SO4
SO2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O ——> H2SO4 (acts as air dust influencer)
SO2 + H2O ——> H2O3; H2SO3 + H2O ——> H2SO4 + H2
NO2 + H2O ——> HNO2 + HNO3 (light nitrous and light nitric acid)
That is, when the toxic acid from the factory mixes with the atmosphere in the form of gas and reacts with the rain water, it makes the rain water acidic and its pH value is less than 7. Since its pH is lower than 8, it generally has an adverse effect on nature.
The air can disperse these solutions of sulfuric acid nitric acid hundreds of miles away. And by doing so, it causes damage to a wide area. Eventually they fall to the ground in the form of rain, snow or fog, and even in dry form when invisible.
Since 1997, some of Harvard University's architecture has been covered with waterproof polythene to protect it from acid rain. [2]
Harmful effects of acid rain
Acid rain causes massive damage to our environment. And one of them is that when acid rains on the soil, it naturally lowers the pH of the soil and as a result the soil becomes acidic. This makes it difficult for the various micro-organisms present in the soil and the various plants present in the soil to sustain life. And this is seen to upset the balance of our environment.
This acid rain turns the leaves of the plants yellow. Falling into ponds and rivers lowers the pH of the water, causing damage to various plants and animals and fish in the reservoir, damaging the skin of animals and birds, and discoloration of buildings. It even causes extensive damage to birds. Iron beams, when worn on the human body, cause problems in human skin cells. If there is excess acid in this rain water, it can cause wounds.
Its severe detrim
