Desert of Pakistan

Truth be told, beauty is hidden in the eye which is not visible in the scene or in the face. If there is an oasis in one's heart, then one's heart and soul are covered with desert. Like the lush northern regions, nature has endowed the desert with a unique beauty that gives endless comfort to the hearts of its loved ones as the lush valleys shower their lovers.

While Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan and the northern valleys are lush valleys in the foothills of Pakistan, its foothills are also full of heart-wrenching deserts. Beautiful regions like the Cholistan Desert, Thar and Thal and Kharan are your identity.

Cholistan Desert

The Cholistan Desert in the state of Bahawalpur in the Punjab province of Pakistan is also known by the local population as "Rohi". He is also called Rohi in the poetry of Khawaja Ghulam Farid, the voice of this region. As much as there is sand in "Rohi", the same proportion is present in the poetry of Khwaja Ghulam Farid. You present a scene with words that makes the listener and the reader feel as if they are in a "spiritual" state.

In the middle of Rohi's delicate delicate jatis

The dust of the night hunters

The word "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "Chol" which means "desert". From the historical district of Bahawalnagar to the unknown, many explanations have been given for this word. Lieutenant Colonel Westland presented a unique map of the Cholistan Survey between 1870 and 1935 at the Salvi Culture Conference in 1945. In which the incident of relocation of sand dunes was shown. According to this map, the sand dunes had traveled half a mile in those 65 years. There is also an idea that the word "cholan" signifies the same movement. It is also speculated that the word Cholistan is a corruption of the Iraqi word "Chelistan" which means "waterless valley". In the local language Seraiki, "chhol" is taken to mean wave. In the same way, if the word "chholian" is pronounced, it is closer to the word "cholistan" based on its harmony. According to local traditions, the origin of the word Cholistan is "Choli". In the local dialect of the region, "Roh" means mountain. Since the sand dunes look like mountains everywhere you look in Cholistan, it is also possible that it was named "Rohi" in this regard.

Cholistan is about 30 km from Bahawalpur. It covers an area of ​​one thousand two hundred square kilometers. The area extends from the Thar Desert to India and Sindh. It joins the Indian state of Rajasthan in the southeast, which is called Thar. According to historians, there were once 400 forts in the Cholistan desert. The fort was in three rows. The first row was from Phulra to Lira, the second from Raknpur to Islamgarh and the third from Belkinar to Kaputak. Their walls were made of gypsum and mud. The existence of some dates back to a thousand BC. Its famous and well-known place is Qila Derawal, also known as Qila Der and Sangh. The fort is located in the middle of the desert at a distance of 49 km from Ahmadpur East Tehsil of Bahawalpur. There are 40 towers in this 220 meter square fort. There is a tunnel in this fort which in its heyday used to go to Delhi via Jaisalmer. There is a ditch along the fort wall. According to historians, a river used to flow through here, which was a tributary of the Sutlej. History records that the fort belonged to the king of the state of Jaisalmer, and was built by his nephew. The fort was rebuilt by Nawab Muhammad Bahawal Khan I in 1733. While the separate administration of the state of Bahawalpur began in 1690 and the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela from 1719 to 1748, like the rest of the provinces, the state became independent, while on 22 February 1833 an agreement was reached between the British and the state of Bahawalpur. From Russia, the state came under the British Status of India, which was not part of the direct British rule.

The lower part of Cholistan is called "Hakra". Spontaneous shrubs and plants such as safflower, vinegar, safflower and mulberry are found in abundance. The dunes in this area are up to 200 feet high. In Cholistan, where the hills move from one place to another due to storms and hurricanes, they also take different forms, one of which is called "Barkhan". "Barkhan" resembles the moon of the first dates in form and suspicion.

There is a shortage of water in Cholistan. People drink water from wells. Which accumulates in a deep area when it rains. The groundwater is 80 feet below, but it is bitter. Cholistan is said to have been a lush region before 4000 BC. Its great civilization, the Hakra, began to breathe on the banks of the Hakra River in 4000 BC, which continued to flourish until 1200 BC, when the river rose to prominence. In 600 BC, the river began to recede and eventually a great civilization came to an end. Its location was close to the Egyptian Babylonian and Mesopotamian civilizations.

The Marwari dialect spoken in Cholistan reflects many historical and geographical factors while the dialect in the state is also called state. The Cholistani economy is mostly dependent on cows, goats and sheep, but in winter a variety of handicrafts and pottery are also made here. In this regard, Ahmadpur Sharqiya is of special importance. Where pottery is consumed all over the country including Punjab.

Cholistani women also have a special interest in jewelery according to their nature. In their jewelery, earrings, bracelets and anklets are of special importance. While in other desert areas, women's wrists are full of bangles. There is also a rainforest in Cholistan.

The average annual rainfall is 12 cm. The deer and mosque in Cholistan were built more or less a hundred years ago. White marble was used in its construction. Its architecture bears a striking resemblance to the Red Fort of Delhi and to some extent the Babri Masjid. In addition, the shrine of Chanter Pir in Cholistan has the status of a spiritual place in the entire state, while the jeep rally in Rohi attracts tourists from all over the world, including Pakistan.

The drought of 1999 had devastating effects on the agriculture and livestock of Cholistan. In this regard, the Pakistan Council of Research and Water Resources (PCRWR) worked on the Dingarh field station which had a positive impact on Cholistan life. According to a scientific survey, there is potential for reservoirs in the region. The chairman of the organization said that the water reservoir can be built in a place which has the capacity to collect water and the land also absorbs less water. The capacity of a water reservoir is 15,000 cubic meters. An estimated 7 million cubic meters of water is required for 100,000 humans and 200,000 livestock, while the remaining 300 million cubic meters of stored water can be used for agriculture and farming.

Thar Desert

The Thar Desert is the ninth hottest desert in the world. Its total area is 77,000 square miles, which is 200,000 square kilometers. The Thar Desert is located on the southeastern border of Pakistan and the northwestern border of India. The 350 km border is with neighboring India. The region is inhabited by Muslims and Hindus. Pakistanis live in Sindh and Kolhi in Thar while 40% of the population of the Indian state of Rajasthan resides in the Thar area. Thousands of years ago, the Thar region was part of the ocean. Due to climate change, the ocean retreated, and the lack of rain and other factors combined to turn it into a barren, barren desert that is now second to none in its thirst.

Maro Thar Bersiyare" When the clouds turn towards the thundering and shining Thar, while working in the houses of the chiefs of the delicate cities of Thar, he utters this sentence involuntarily and tears also flow from his eyes. It is believed that Thar has a beauty in it, but if the feelings are examined away from the eyes of the tourist, then the poet has written the helplessness of a woman wandering in search of water with blood and liver.

Translation: "If you ask about my Thar, you will cry, you will cry." Do it in such a way that it comes to the tongue of every resident.

The desert has historic mosques, temples, granite mountains, salt lakes and vast underground coal deposits. This region, rich in flora and fauna, is unique in its beauty. This desert is also called the "Great Indian Desert". Large coal deposits near Islamkot are inviting us to research. It is less than 400 kilometers from Karachi. Tharparkar is a combination of two words. Thar and Parker. Before the formation of Pakistan, Tharparkar was the largest district of Sindh province with Mirpur Khas as its capital. Which was divided into three districts Mirpur Khas Thrait and Umerkot.

In Tharparkar, Nangarparkar, Mithi, Islamkot, Chhacharo, Kantiu, Cheelhar, Khinsar and Diplo have a prominent place. Mithi is its district headquarters. More than 1.6 million people live in Marvi. The local population lives in huts called Chonra. The huts of Muslims and Hindus in Thar are different. Muslims make their roofs round like domes, while Hindu roofs are like the tip of a pencil. It is made of wheat straw or cotton wool in ten to twelve feet. Above the round wall is a wooden frame made of desert grass and shaped like an umbrella. This architecture is similar to the round rooms in Africa. Most villages consist of ten to twelve chonars. The population is located at a place where water can accumulate between two large sand dunes, which is called "bhat" in the local language.

In the seasons of Thar, "Chomasa" has a special place. It lasts for four months and in its rains, greenery is seen everywhere and its cool winds cast a romantic spell on human existence.

Cultivation also includes kale, white sesame, guava, maize, sorghum, tomato, asparagus, onion and carrot. Crops are also grown in the Deplo area without fertilizer. There are also frankincense and sandalwood trees. Rare and beautiful animals like peacocks, swords, partridges and deer are part of Thar but they are becoming extinct day by day due to lack of water and poaching.

The Thar Desert had crab-like transport before Nawaz Sharif's last term. A network of paved roads was laid during this period. Then in the time of General Pervez Musharraf, Arbab Ghulam Rahim became the Chief Minister and paid attention to this area. Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz also won the elections from here and provided some facilities to the people here. Mirpur and Mithi link road was rebuilt. Thar district was connected to Omar Kot and Badin by road. Water supply projects were also completed but water and electricity reached large towns and cities and political obstacles hindered the development of rural Thar.

There is an abundance of venomous snakes in the Thar Desert. Health centers are located only in town-like cities and there are also complaints of non-availability of snake bite vaccines and the people of Thar are dying in agony.

The Nagar Parkar area is located at a distance of about 200 km from Umerkot, near the border at the confluence of Parran Kachh and Thar. Bear is a small village before Nagar Parker. Which was the heroine town of Marvi, a well known folk tale of Sindh. After the bear, there is the area of ​​Bo Deser where the peacocks dance near the Barani lake and tie the knot in the forest on Tuesday.

Desert valley

The Indus Valley is an uninhabited area in the northern part of Pakistan. It lies between the Chenab and Indus rivers and in the northwestern part of the Punjab. Its total area is 19,500 sq km. The area gets hotter in summer and colder in winter. The area is uninhabited due to climate change and harshness.

Thal Desert

Thal Desert is the name of a desert in Punjab which was once called "Do Aba Indus Sagar". Its area is south of Pothohar and Salt Mountain range between Jhelum River and Indus River. Khushab and Muzaffargarh. The land is 190 miles long and a maximum of 70 kilometers wide. The Indus is its western bank, while the Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi jointly determine its eastern boundary. This Thal area forms a triangle consisting of these districts and ends at Muzaffargarh. The entire area south of Khushab to Mianwali consists of the Thal Desert. The canal drained from the Indus River has irrigated the area and the sand dunes are turning into lush fields but this is changing the natural beauty of the area which is eroding its ancient identity. Its vernacular is believed to belong to ancient times and is played in Thaluchi Ahang. After the seventies, linguists considered some parts of it to be under the influence of Seraiki and some under the influence of Hindko, while the whole region is generally called Seraiki. Due to the difference in the basic words, some people call it the local dialect of Punjabi.

The influential tribes of Thal include Syed Baloch, Bhachar, Chahina, Twana, Baghor, Sial, Gahi, Ahir, Lashari, Rajput, Khar, Klu and Khokhar. Agricultural crops include wheat, millet, guava, millet, mustard and tara meera, while gifts such as black and white gram are popular across the country. Among its cultural festivals are “Noorpur Thal Ka Mela”, “Mela Baba Syedan ​​Shah”, “Mela Pir Shah Saghir” and Mari Shah Saghir Mela.

The Greater Thal Canal project was first proposed 130 years ago in 1873. The plan to irrigate the area through the Indus River came under discussion in 1919, 1921, 1924, 1925, 1936 and 1949. The matter came up again in the Executive Committee of the National Economic Council in 1975 but was not accepted. Finally, on August 16, 2001, then-President General Pervez Musharraf allocated Rs 30 billion for the project.

The Kharan Desert

The Kharan Desert is located in southwestern Balochistan. It is commonly referred to as the "Desert of Soil". Pakistan carried out the May 1998 bombings in the area that made the region famous, but the promises made after the bombings were not fulfilled.

If the government pays a little attention, these beautiful deserts can be turned into a source of income through the tourism department, which will not only revolutionize the lives of the residents of the area, but also increase the national treasury and the natural beauty of the area. Would like to restore.