FORGING OF A SCREWDRIVER
What is forging?
This is the aspect of engineering concerned with the shaping of metal squeeze or impact pressure to design the shape.
Materials: Anvil, tongs, sledge hammer, chisel, Double callipers, guages, files, hacksaw, bench vice.
Hand forging
This is the shaping of metal by plastic deformation under impact pressure carried out by hand tools.
Equipment and tools used
The Anvil: blacksmith anvil is a heavy block of steel on which metal is forged. It weighs from 80 to 300 kg, usually 150kg.
Hearth furnace: they are used for heating metal mount for hand forging. the most widely used is the open hearth furnace consisting of the hearth head and chimmey.
Hacksaw with blade: this is used for cutting off the metal part.
Guages: are used for checking the thickness of bars and light forging.
Sledgehammer: they are used for striking metal work piece either directly or indirectly.
Files: these are used to remove relatively small layers of metals to the finished dimension and surface finishing
Templates: are employed for checking the shape of some forgings.
Hand hammer: used for making light forging and also to show the striker where to hit while forging.
Spreader: used for drawing out and spreading metals, they are used in a variety of ways.
Chisel: are used for cutting metals and for making prior to breaking.
Procedures
Obtaining the workpiece.
The metal work piece is obtained and dimensioned i.e 180mm in length and 13mm in diameter with the aid of a venier calliper and marked out with chalk or charcoal.
The metal used in first family on the bench vice for cutting which is done with hacksaw and blade.
After cutting the metal is then placed on a open hearth furnace, where it is heated to reddish form. It is placed in the furnace with the aid of tong for about 30 minutes.
The material is brought out of the furnace with the aid of tong by the carrier, it is then placed on the Anvil for the striker to beat it with a hammer for it to be flattened at one end, the striking is done for about 3 to 4 minutes.
After flatness is achieved and hated again to reddish form. The career that brings it out of the furnace with the aid of chisel and hammer, the selected portion of the metal to be fitted inside the wood is then worked on.
The material is then dipped inside water for cooling.
The material is now filled with file to smoothen and furnish it. This is done while the material is forged on the bench vice in the fitting section.
Furnishing is the final stage. The material can be painted to prevent it from exposure to rusting overtime.
Observation:
During cutting, the metal felt hot which was due to friction.
The striker was an individual of good and built body structure.
All workers in the workshop were on correct wears and equipments.
Safety precautions:
Overall must be worn properly in forging workshop.
What metal should not be held with bare hands but with thong.
All tools and equipment in the workshop must be kept properly and well maintained.
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