The following are the statements of the Qur'an-Hadith and the esteemed commentators regarding Adam (peace be upon him) and Abraham (peace be upon him):
1) Adam (peace be upon him):
Adam (peace be upon him) was the first man and the original father of the entire human race. Allah Almighty created his wife Hawa (peace be upon him) from his left rib after creating him with clay with his own hands. Then through the two of them innumerable people have spread all over the world. For example, Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
O you who fear Allah!
“O mankind, fear your Lord, Who created you from a single being and from its mate; And from the two of them spread out countless men and women. (Surat an-Nisa ': 1)
Here the purpose is by ‘one man’, the original father Adam (peace be upon him) and the purpose by ‘his companion’ is mother Eve (peace be upon him).
The following hadith is significant in this regard:
On the Day of Resurrection, when the sun is approaching and man is in unbearable misery, he will be the first to rush to the first father, Adam (peace be upon him), for justice:
يا آدم أنت أبو البشر خلقك الله بيده ونفخ فيك من روحه وأمر الملائكة فسجدوا لك اشفع لنا إلى ربك ألا ترى إلى ما نحن فيه ألا ترى إلى ما قد بلغنا
O Adam! You are the father of mankind, Allah created you with His own hand and breathed soul into your body.
He has instructed the angels to prostrate themselves before you, and they have prostrated themselves before you.
So go to your Lord and intercede for us. Don't you see we're in trouble?
Don't you see how far we have come? (Sahih Muslim Hadith Number: 38 Chapter: 1 / Kitabul Iman (كتاب الإيمان) Islamic Foundation)
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🌀 2) Ibrahim Alahis Salam:
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
مِّلَّةَ أَبِيكُمْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
"Follow the example of your father Ibrahim." (Surat al-Hajj: 6)
Allaah has addressed Ibraaheem (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as "your father." What does this mean?
Yes, he was the hereditary ancestor of the Arabs. That is, the lineage of the Arabs has been traced back to Ibrahim (peace be upon him). But in terms of dignity, he is the father of the entire Muslim world. That is, although he is not the father of all Muslims in lineage, he is like a father to all in terms of honor.
ব্যাখ্যা The interpretation of the verse in Qurtubi in Tafseer is as follows:
And Ibrahim is the father of Abu al-Arab. He said: Address to all Muslims, and not all of them are born Because the sanctity of Abraham on the Muslims is the sanctity of the father on the child.
Abraham is the father of the whole Arab nation.
Some commentators say: "He is addressed to all Muslims as 'Father', although not all Muslims are his children." This is because the dignity of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) to the Muslims is equal to the dignity of the father to the son. ” (Qurtubi in Tafseer)
◍ Tafsir Bagavi says:
Then he said: What is the reason for saying: (The nation of Abyssinia) Why do not all Muslims return to Abraham? .
He said: Khatib to the Arabs and they were from the descendants of Abraham. He said: He addressed all the Muslims, and Ibrahim Ab Lahm, on the meaning that it is obligatory to respect and preserve the truth as it is obligatory to respect the father, and he said to the Almighty: I am like your father.
If the question is asked, what is the reason for saying "your father" in this verse when the lineage of all Muslims does not reach Ibrahim (peace be upon him)?
In reply to this, it has been said that Allah has addressed the Arabs with the phrase "your father". Because they were the descendants of Ibrahim (peace be upon him).
Or all Muslims are meant by this. He is the father of the Muslim nation in the sense that it is essential to show respect to him and preserve his rights in the same way that it is essential to protect the honor of the father.
The verse is like the saying of Allah: وأزواجه أمهاتهم "And the wives of him (the Prophet) are their (Muslim) mothers." (Surah Ahzab, verse 8).
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
But I am like a father to you
"I am like a father to you." (Musnad Ahmad, Bazar, Sahih Ibn Hibban etc. Sanad Sahih) (Tafsir Bagavi)
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