D-dimer analysis is an indicator of pulmonary embolism, what are the main causes of high D-dimer? Correlation of D-dimer analysis and corona, what is the normal D-dimer ratio
A high D-dimer analysis indicates diseases related to blood clotting, as well as the normal percentage of D-dimer analysis may increase when infected with the Coronavirus COVID 19, so what is the normal D-dimer percentage? What is the relationship between the Daimler and Corona test? Why is a D-Dimer test required for a pregnant woman?
What is D-dimer?
D-dimer protein is small protein segments that form in the blood when the body breaks down and dissolves a previously formed blood clot, D-dimer is excreted as a product of the breakdown of fibrin by a blood clot formation factor, specifically by factor XIII (XIII), the normal D-dimer ratio Very little in the blood of a normal person, but its level increases in certain medical conditions.
How to form a D-dimer protein in the blood
A blood clot is formed in the body in two ways, one of which is internal for reasons related to the internal state of the body, or through an external pathway, and this is due to an external factor that pushes the body to form a blood clot.
There is a group of factors that scientists call clotting factors, along with other substances that interfere with each other, and platelets play a role in this process, blood clotting, or blood clot, occurs.
The blood plasma contains a group of proteins that have a role in blood clotting, as it transforms from a dissolved form to another that is not dissolved, which closes the blood vessels and thus stops the bleeding, among these proteins fibrinogen, which turns into fibrin.
After blood clotting and the formation of the final product of fibrin, the body tries to break down this clot after a while. The final, insoluble form of fibrin is broken down into small protein pieces, including D-dimer, which is one of the fibrin degradation products.
What is a D-dimer analysis?
D-dimer analysis is the procedure of measuring the level of a D-dimer in the blood, by drawing an intravenous blood sample and measuring its percentage using specialized equipment.
When is a D-dimer analysis required?
When a doctor suspects you have deep vein thrombosis (DVT), such clots usually form in the lower legs, but sometimes they can occur in other areas of the body.
When you suspect that you have pulmonary embolism (PE), this disease occurs as a result of blockage of an artery in the lungs with a blood clot, or a blood clot located elsewhere in the body may break up and travel to the arteries of the lungs.
A blood clot in a blood vessel.
Having a stroke or a blockage in the blood vessels that prevents blood flow to the brain.
It may be helpful in determining the severity of COVID 19 or the presence of infections.
The type of sample required for testing
You will be subjected to an intravenous blood sample drawn on sodium citrate, from which the percentage of D-dimer analysis can be measured within three hours, if it is not available, the plasma can be separated and frozen in the freezer until the start of work, and the plasma samples must be transported in an ice box or cold medium .
Natural D-dimer ratio in numbers
A normal D-dimer ratio is: less than 250 ng / mL (ng / mL), or less than 40 mcg / mL (mcg / mL).
It should be borne in mind that the normal rate for D-dimer varies from one laboratory to another according to the method used to conduct the examination, the result of the D-dimer analysis is attached to the normal rate for it, and in general the normal ratio of the D-dimer test must be less than the normal rate attached to the test result. About the normal range attached to the test result means that you have a disease problem.
Causes of high D-dimer analysis
When performing a D-dimer analysis, it is normal for it to be present in minimal levels in normal people, but the level of D-dimer analysis in the blood increases for several reasons, including:
General evaluation of blood clot formation, which may be one of the following:
Venous thromboembolism, which symptoms include: leg pain and swelling in addition to leg discoloration.
Diffuse blood clots inside the blood vessels.
When a patient suffers from pulmonary embolism symptoms, which include:
Sudden shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.
Cough, hemoptysis (blood in sputum).
Chest pain associated with the lung.
Rapid heart rate.
To monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs.
Poisoning by venoms of snakes.
Sometimes in pregnancies an elevated D-dimer level may be noted.
When D-dimer protein is analyzed, its level may be elevated in cases of inflammation, malignancies, shock, postoperative treatment, liver disease, and heart disease [2].
The level of D-dimer protein may increase incorrectly when: high triglyceride levels, elevated bilirubin levels, elevated rheumatoid factor levels in the blood, or hemolysis.
The level of D-dimer in individuals with factor XIII deficiency may be low even in the presence of a large blood clot.
Daimler analysis of the pregnant woman
A high D-dimer test for a pregnant woman may occur and this height may be normal, so the use of a D-dimer test during pregnancy to diagnose DVT may not be a correct indicator, but other diagnostic methods must be relied on.
Scientific bodies specializing in cardiovascular diseases have recommended excluding the procedure of a de-dimer test for the diagnosis of blood clotting diseases; Because d-dimer increases during pregnancy gradually, as the fetus progresses.
A D-dimer analysis or a D-dimer examination is mainly performed by the patient for patients who are thought to have formed blood clots, whether they are deep vein thrombosis, or those circulating inside the vessels, there are also some conditions in which an elevated D-dimer level may occur, which must be paid attention to. Like pregnant women, and in the case of Corona, the normal D-dimer percentage may be the same and may rise.