The new public health crises which threating the whole world with the emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). In February, International committee on Taxonomy of viruses named this novel virus as SASR-CoV-2. The World health organization (WHO) has Declare this situation as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 includes in the orthocoronavirinae subfamily which belongs to the Coronaviridae family and genetically divided into four main genera: Alphacoronavirus (α-COV), Betacoronavirus (β-COV), Deltacoronavirus (δ-COV) and Gammacoronavirus (γ-COV). The seventh member of the family of coronaviridae that infect humans is SARS-CoV-2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) the two strains which are zoonotic in origin and have been linked to sometimes fatal illness. On the other hand , four viruses — 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 — are dominant and typically cause common cold symptoms in immunocompetent individuals.
On 31 December 2019 Chinese health authorities announced dozens of pneumonia infections in Wuhan city (Hubei province) without knowing an etiology. An unidentified etiology originated from a seafood market in Wuhan in Hubei province in China and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) notified that the most contagious diseases pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (SARS -CoV-2). SARS and MERS are as same as COVID-19, This is caused by coronaviruses and can cause viral pneumonia. They have also contains some similarities. A large class of viruses prevalent in nature and this virus belongs to β – coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 has many potential natural hosts, intermediate hosts and final hosts, like to other viruses. Genome analysis of this contagious virus sequences Disclosed that the complete genome sequence recognition rates of SARS-CoV and bat SARS coronavirus (SARSr-CoV-RaTG13) were 79.5% and 96% respectively which implies about the origin of coronavirus from a bat. Coronavirus (COV) is a single strand RNA virus with a diameter of 80-120nm. Fatality rate of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV was 10% and 34.4% respectively. The fatality rate of COVID-19 is 3.34%, but the increasing number of cases is headache now. Epidemiologic investigations showed that different animals (bats, pangolins, snakes) could have been intermediate hosts that facilitated the spillover of SARS-CoV-2 as a distinct human Betacoronavirus from bats to the human population. The genome contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 27 protein. Inhalation or contact with infected droplets can be helpful for transmit this disease and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. As of August 14, 2020, 18,9886,629 laboratory-confirmed and 712,334 deaths have been reported globally. In this study, we focus on our Actual understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics characteristics and therapeutics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Asian country.
