It is known to all that sufficient supply of water is needed for agriculturefertile soil alone is not enough. In fact, cultivation of land in Sumer was not possible till the people could devise ways and means of an irrigation system and of protection against yearly floods.
The Sumerians dug canals to irrigate their fields. The canals they made were very deep and wide. The result was that with the increase of water in rivers, the water rushed through the canals without destroying the banks. The good number of canals dug by the Sumerians helped not only irrigation but transport as well.
The Sumerians also had to protect themselves from the devastating floods of the rivers, Tigris and Euphrates. With the melting of snows in the mountains where the Tigris and the Euphrates rise, both the rivers overflowed and there were floods every year. Although the silt that came with the flood-water was very useful as fertilizer, the Sumerians had to keep the flood in check for their safety. They surrounded the settlements with orchards and built dams as measures of defence against floods.
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