Since the dramatic advancement of science, human oppression of nature has increased dramatically in the last two centuries. Plastic pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, harmful fumes from factories and vehicles, greenhouse gases, etc. are making this planet uninhabitable day by day. But the planet's policymakers have always been indifferent to environmental pollution and the horrors of climate change. After the advent of coronavirus, people are now discussing whether it is nature's revenge on them.
From the beginning of the 21st century, two terms have been familiar to environmental and climate scientists - the greenhouse effect and global warming. The greenhouse effect is now present in a large part of the world's natural disasters. Although it is a very familiar subject, our lack of awareness about it is very high.
What is a greenhouse?
Greenhouse is a special type of glass house built for the production of vegetables, usually in the colder latitudes of the developed world. The glass normally allows the small wave rays coming from the sun to enter inside, but the glass does not allow the reflected long wave solar radiation to come out in any way. As a result of this religion of glass, the temperature inside the house is trapped and the temperature inside the house gradually increases and it becomes suitable for growing vegetables or plants. The trees survive the extreme cold, especially at night, without major problems.
In developed winter major countries vegetables are thus cultivated in glass houses
Why on earth is the greenhouse?
At present, the Earth's atmosphere is behaving much like a greenhouse. That is, the light of the sun enters the earth but cannot exit. In 1824, Joseph Fourier argued for the existence of a greenhouse effect in the Earth's atmosphere, in harmony with the greenhouse used in cold countries. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be -17 ° C (0 ° F). Which is currently 15 ° C (59 ° F).
34% of the total amount of radiation that comes to the earth from the sun's rays (2% from the earth's surface, 6% from the atmosphere and 25% from the clouds) is reflected back to space by the clouds, dust, etc. But over the last several decades, some gases and other elements in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, etc.) have been trapping this radiation around the earth like a glass wall in a greenhouse. As a result, the average temperature of the earth is gradually increasing. This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect.
The reason for the gradual increase in the amount of greenhouse gases-
Methane:
Methane gas is the gas used in general cooking or as CNG. Methane gas is produced from petroleum under the ground. Methane gas is often emitted from the bottom of the wetlands. Cattle dung is an excellent source of methane gas. Biogas is produced from this dung. Every year a huge amount of methane gas is released into the atmosphere from cow dung, increasing the amount of greenhouse effect.
Chloro-fluoro-carbon:
It is also known as CFC or Freon. Many are aware that CFC destroys weight levels. But its role in the greenhouse effect is no less. XF mosquito repellent aerosols and CFCs were used as refrigerants. However, now that its harmful effects have been realized and alternatives have been discovered, the amount of CFC gas emissions has decreased. At present, various countries are working to reduce CFC emissions on an agreement basis.
Nitrous oxide:
It is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen. Lightning is made up of a combination of oxygen and nitrogen in the air.
The way the greenhouse effect cycle works
As much as natural
The Earth's oceans act as a sink of carbon-dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in the sea water and helps to reduce the presence of this gas in the air. Going deep into the ocean, this gas forms limestone and is stored as solid rock. However, so much carbon dioxide is currently being emitted that the rate of air intake is much higher than that of dissolving in the ocean. As a result, global warming is increasing. And the solubility of carbon-dioxide in high temperature water decreases. As a result, the oceans are no longer able to function as a carbon-dioxide sink. That means the amount of greenhouses is increasing.
On the other hand, the higher the temperature, the higher the rate of water evaporation. That means the amount of water vapor in the air will increase. As the Earth's temperature continues to rise, the wavelength of the radiation emitted from the Earth will decrease. And water vapor absorbs more radiation of relatively shorter wavelengths.
Harmful effects
Earth's average temperature rises
As the greenhouse effect increases in the atmosphere, the earth will become the hottest in the last 2 million years. Between 180 and 196, the Earth's temperature rose by 0.6 ° C. The average global warming could increase to 2.5 ° C by 2030 and 3.6 ° C by 2050. It is worth noting that global warming has increased more in the last century than in the last 20,000 years. In the two chapters of the twentieth century (1920–1945 and 196–2000) warming has increased the most. The warmest decade in the world since 181 is the 1990s.
The greenhouse effect is one of the most complex problems in the world today. So before we explain the cause of the greenhouse effect, we need to have a clear idea of what the "greenhouse effect" usually means. The following is an explanation of the greenhouse effect key and the cause of the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse Effect - The term greenhouse is mainly used in botany. Glass houses are used for growing plants in winter major countries. The exact amount of sunlight that enters the glass house cannot penetrate the glass house, so the temperature of the glass house is much higher than the outside, which helps the plants to grow.
Today, the world is about to turn into a huge greenhouse. According to scientists, the atmosphere surrounds the earth like a glass house. The amount of sunlight that penetrates this atmosphere during the day and exits through the earth's radiation at night, thus maintaining the earth's temperature balance.
But there are some gases in the atmosphere that have a lot of heat absorption capacity. Such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O). The amount of heat that is emitted from the earth in the form of terrestrial radiation is not what these gases absorb some of the radiated heat. As a result, the average temperature of the earth is gradually increasing. Thus, the increase in the average temperature of the earth is called greenhouse effect and the above gases are called greenhouse gases.
The cause of the greenhouse effect
As a result of various human activities, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increasing, and the amount of heat absorbed by these gases is also increasing, resulting in a significant increase in the average temperature of the earth. The sources from which these greenhouse gases are emitting and accelerating the greenhouse effect are discussed below
Combustion of fossil fuels - Coal, petrol, diesel etc. Fossil fuels are used in factories, vehicles and other uses. Combustion of all these fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.
Use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - CFCs are widely used in the refrigeration process, paint industry and electronic industry. This increases the amount of CFC in the air.
Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Agriculture - Nitrogen fertilizer is used in the land to increase the production of agricultural crops. This nitrogen reacts with the oxygen in the air to produce nitrous oxide.
Decomposition of organic waste - Decomposition of various types of organic waste, decomposition of dead plant and animal bodies and large amounts of methane gas from the excrement of cattle are released into the air.
Other Gases - The depletion of ozone gas is increasing the temperature of the atmosphere. In addition, the ability to hold water vapor in the air is increasing due to the increase in temperature due to climate change. As a result, the amount of water vapor in the air is increasing.
For the above reasons, the amount of greenhouse gases in the air is increasing exponentially.
Thank you @Dreamer
Very useful, informative and important article my dear friend.