What is Environment and Environmental Pollution; Natural Causes of Environmental Pollution; Man-Made Causes of Environmental Pollution; Various Processes of Environmental Pollution; Environmental Pollution and Climate Change; Response to Environmental Pollution; Prevention; Measures Taken Worldwide;
Introduction: At the beginning of creation, man was solely dependent on the environment. People and environment were then tied to the same thread. But with the advancement of civilization, the friendly relations between the environment and the people began to deteriorate. From the day when people want to create an environment according to their own tastes, there is chaos. In the pursuit of life, people have lost the balance of the environment to control the environment in order to survive a little better.
What is environment and environmental pollution: Bengali synonym of English Environment. It comes from the French word Environment which means to surround or encircle. Generally speaking, the environment is created by the combination of houses, plants, buildings, rivers, canals, soil, air, water etc. around us. But in the broadest sense, the environment is the interrelationship between humans and other animals, plants and microorganisms. According to SC Kendeig, "environment is the sum of organic and inorganic matter that contributes to the transformation of a creature." Says pollution.
Natural Causes of Environmental Pollution: Floods, tidal surges, cyclones, eruptions, earthquakes, etc. are among the natural causes directly and indirectly responsible for environmental pollution. As a result of this catastrophe, the massive destruction of people, animals, plants, houses, etc., destroys the balance of the environment. This causes serious pollution in the environment. Floods and tidal surges in the low-lying countries cause extensive loss of life and property. Cyclones in various countries including Bangladesh, China, Philippines, United States, volcanic eruptions in several countries in Japan and Latin America and earthquakes in various countries of the world including Japan, India, Iran have caused massive pollution.
Man-made causes of environmental pollution: Man-made causes are the most responsible for environmental pollution. The reasons are-
Population explosion:
Population explosion is one of the causes of environmental pollution. According to a survey, where the world's population was 100 crore in 1800 AD, it has risen to around 600 crore in 2012. The environment is being polluted under the pressure of the growing population explosion.
Industrial Revolution
The journey of industry that started in the eighteenth century through the Industrial Revolution has expanded over time. Humans are upsetting the balance of the environment by using forest and marine resources extensively to produce these industrial products. Industrial fumes and wastes are polluting the environment.
Deforestation
Currently, the major cause of environmental pollution is the destruction of forest resources. Many countries in the world do not have 25% forest cover for a healthy environment. Extensive deforestation is taking place for houses, furniture and factories to meet the growing demand of the people. According to a survey, the current annual deforestation in the world is 20 million hectares. According to a World Bank study, the amount of deforestation in the world is equal to the total area of India every ten years. Satellite imagery shows that some 53% of Africa and 35% of Asia have some degree of desertification. If this process of deforestation continues in the world, by 2020 many parts of the world will turn into deserts.
War and Accidents
The use of nuclear weapons, bombs and lethal weapons used during war has adverse effects on the environment. The explosion of the atomic bomb in Japan in 1945, the subsequent Chernobyl accident in Russia, the gas accident in Bhopal, India, and the widespread use of lethal weapons in Iraq in 2003-04 have severely polluted the environment.
Different processes of environmental pollution
Soil, water, air and noise pollution are being created due to natural and man-made causes. And as a result of this pollution, the environment is becoming unsuitable for human habitation. Excessively mixed harmful gases in the air and smoke from various factories, motor vehicles and fuels are constantly polluting the air. Soil is also being polluted due to chemical fertilizers, various radioactive wastes and population growth. Water is being polluted by various organic and inorganic, chemical substances and germs. Also noise pollution is happening due to loud noise of various instruments.
Environmental Pollution and Climate Change
Global pollution is on the rise. It is having an adverse effect on the climate. As a result, the climate is changing rapidly. The amount of harmful gases like carbon-dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide in the air is increasing due to various man-made reasons. As a result, global temperatures are rising sharply, known as the greenhouse effect. According to the German-based research institute Postzam Institute for Climate Impact Research, global warming will increase by 40 per cent by 2090 if carbon emissions continue to rise at the same rate. According to the scientists, due to this greenhouse effect, the sea water will increase by 20 to 140 cm. This results in a lot of coastal areas
Shai will drown. It is a deadly threat to mankind.
Response to environmental pollution: Environmental pollution has adversely affected public life. According to the World Health Organization, the number of under-five deaths in developing countries is 11 million, of which 80 percent is due to water pollution. In addition, the number of respiratory deaths due to air pollution is about 22 lakh. On the other hand, a survey conducted by the United Nations has found that as a result of environmental pollution, three kilometers thick fog has accumulated in the skies of Asia. Which can cause acid rain. It will be a disaster for billions of people in Asia. In addition, global warming due to natural pollution can lead to an increase in hepatitis B, cerebral infections, polio, cholera, etc. At the same time, increased penetration of the sun's ultra-violet rays can lead to an increase in skin cancer and cataracts. Even radioactivity in food grains can increase.
What to do to prevent: In order to prevent environmental pollution, the first thing to do is to raise awareness among the people. Emphasis should be placed on population control to maintain the balance of the environment. Harmful gases emitted from machinery and vehicles must be prevented. Alternatively, the use of natural gas and solar powered devices should be increased. Arbitrary deforestation must be stopped and tree planting must be turned into a social movement. The use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be increased.
Steps taken worldwide: The world today is concerned about the serious impact of environmental pollution. That is why various conferences are being celebrated all over the world to maintain the natural balance. In 1982, the United Nations Human Environment Conference was held in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. According to its decision, World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5 every year. It was through this conference that the international process on the environment began. This was followed in 1992 and 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1998 in New York, USA, and in 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Steps taken in Bangladesh: In line with other countries of the world, Bangladesh is also moving forward to prevent environmental pollution. That is why the Environmental Protection Act was passed in 1995 in Bangladesh. Subsequently, the amended Environmental Protection Bill and the Environmental Court Bill were passed in 2002. In addition, two-stock vehicles have been banned and CNG-powered vehicles have been used instead. Even polythene bags have been banned across the country since 2002.
Environmental pollution is a huge threat to the world today. Due to environmental pollution, human existence is in extreme crisis today. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the environmental pollution individually as well as collectively to prevent it. Everyone's pledge is to build a healthy and livable pollution-free environment for the future.
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