Dyson Sphere: Unimaginable thought of extracting energy from the sun

According to physics, the amount of energy on Earth will always be the same. That is, there is no creation or destruction of energy, only its form in return. But if energy cannot be destroyed, then why do we think of saving it?

Let's give a simple example. Fossil fuels needed to drive. This fuel is first converted into chemical energy, then into mechanical energy and as a result the car continues to run. There was a transformation of energy, but fuel was consumed. So again, if we want to get that fuel, we have to go to the interior of the earth, where fossil fuels are made under high pressure for millions of years. The fact is that the faster we can consume or convert energy, the faster we can restore energy. We do not have that ability. So far we have not had to think about renewing the power of our ancestors, but we have to think and we have to think about our future generations. For this, various ideas including energy saving and saving, renewable energy are emerging. But today we will talk about a thought that is the dream of astronomers.

What is Dyson Sphere?
In simple terms, a Dyson sphere is a structure that allows us to extract energy from the sun or a star. Freeman Dyson first introduced this idea. This thought came to his mind after reading the 1937 novel Star Maker. Then in a research paper in 1970, he mentioned this sphere. He spoke of creating a structure around or around the sun that would draw energy from the sun and send it back to earth.

Freeman Dyson:

If mankind could ever create something like that, and if even a very small amount of energy from the sun could be extracted, then human civilization would not have to depend on any other energy. The Sun is a fiery furnace that is about 100 quintillion times more powerful than our current most economical nuclear reactor, producing one trillion atomic bombs per second. Not just a little bit, if we want to get all of this energy, we have to create a sphere of Dyson around the sun. But when the question of getting close to the sun does not arise, how can such a big thing be created around it?

The way Dyson's sphere will be made
The first thought that comes to mind is to build a solid wall around the sun. But this idea will not work. This is because the wall is likely to be damaged by a collision with something from the outside, it is also likely to be damaged by the sun and at some point the whole installation may fall into the sun. Another sustainable way is to place solar panels around the sun, which will orbit the sun constantly. This concept is called Dyson swarm.

We can get infinite energy through this system, but creating something like that will not be an easy task. The Sun is 1.3 million times larger than the Earth, so if we first think of satellites, and if each satellite is equal to 1 square kilometer, then we will need 30 quadrilons (30,000,000,000,000,000) satellites to orbit the Sun. If we were to think of building so many satellites, we would need about 100 quintals of material. And then we will need a huge amount of energy to place these satellites around the sun. Not only that, but we also need to build another infrastructure in space to place them. In other words, to create a Dyson sphere, we have to keep in mind the three factors of materials, design and energy.

The first thing we need is materials or raw materials. To collect this huge amount of raw material we may need to dismantle an entire planet. Mercury is the best candidate among our planets. It is closest to the sun and is rich in a variety of metals. Being so close to the Sun, it would take less time to form a sphere, and since Mercury has no atmosphere and gravity is one-third of Earth's, it would be much easier to send an object into space.

Then we have to think about the design of the sphere. The panels are made of materials that are readily available and durable. It will also be convenient to place as light as possible, but not as light as it is likely to break in a collision.

Lastly we need energy to create these and send them into space. This amount of energy is so large that if we use all the fossil fuels and uranium on Earth, we can only send the same mass of Mount Everest into space. The fact is that we need energy from another Dyson sphere to make Dyson spheres.

Let's consider Mercury again, for this we need to create a base or station on Mercury. Since it is difficult for humans to live in Mercury, we need to lean towards automation as much as possible. Pradha

 We will need four types of technology. These are panels or solar energy collectors, excavation, refining and spacecraft equipment.

First you need to collect the required energy with these solar panels. Then with the help of this energy, the panels for the sphere have to be made with the elements and raw materials that can be found by digging and refining. The task of moving the panels around the sun must be done most efficiently. In this case, you have to think of an alternative to the rocket, because it is very expensive and troublesome to reuse. One theory is that a kind of gun (much like a bat) can be used to send these panels into space very quickly from the ground. Each panel will be the size of a rocket capsule and they will increase in size after being sent into space.

Thus when we need to place a few panels our energy will start to be extracted from the sphere and with the help of this energy it is possible to make and place more panels faster than before. In this way, the more panels there are, the faster the work of making and sending panels will proceed. If all goes well, it is possible to create a Dyson sphere in 10 years.

With just one percent of the Sun's energy, we can meet all the energy needs of our planet and build more stations on other planets or in space. Extracting energy and precious metals from other planets, high-speed spacecraft and all the more exciting projects can be created. We will become the most powerful creatures in the universe.

It is possible to make a Dyson sphere based only on physics and it can be said to be a relatively simple task. But for the time being it is impossible in our world to provide the huge amount of money required for this. Many scientists believe that Dyson Sphere exists in our Milky Way galaxy. In 2016, scientists in space noticed a star that responded at that time. This star is called KIC 8462852, also known as Tabby’s Star. It gave very little light, sometimes only 1 percent. It was as if someone was absorbing light from it. If so, who did it? So do aliens exist? Although this is not currently proven, it is not impossible to create a Dyson sphere. If the future human generation is able to create the Dyson sphere, then it will come as no surprise.

This Bengali article is about hypothetical Dyson Sphere and how it can be built.

References:

1. Everything You Need to Know About Hypothetical Sun Megastructure, the Dyson Sphere

2. What is a Dyson sphere?

Featured Image Source: Space.com

This article is just a mere translation of the YouTube Video "How to Build a Dyson Sphere - The Ultimate Megastructure" by very popular channel 'Kurzgesagt - In a Nutshell'

Here's the Link: https://youtu.be/pP44EPBMb8A

It has to be mentioned in the reference. Images are screenshot of the video which is also not mentioned.