Some hormones are responsible for the actions that occur in the body. Just as the endorphin hormone makes us feel happy, so the cortisol hormone is considered to be the main factor for stress. Cortisol is also called the ‘stress hormone’ due to its relationship to the stress response. By understanding cortisol and its effects on the body, we can keep the body healthy while maintaining hormonal balance. Let us know in detail about this hormone.
What is the hormone cortisol?
Cortisol which is known as stress hormone is one of the steroid hormones and this hormone is created by the adrenal glands. Most of the cells in the body have cortisol receptors, it affects many different functions in the body. Hormone secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal glands. Since cortisol is present in many cells of the body, its functions also vary on the same basis.
What is the main function of cortisol hormone?
The hormone cortisol not only causes stress but is also important to the body in many other ways. The hormone cortisol also plays a role in controlling blood sugar and metabolism, reducing inflammation as well as strengthening memory. This hormone also helps in controlling blood pressure by maintaining the balance of salt and water in the body. The hormone cortisol also promotes the overall development of the fetus during pregnancy in women.
Problems with increased levels of the hormone cortisol
Many people complain of tumors in the pituitary or adrenal glands. This can lead to a condition called Cushing's syndrome. As indicated by the specialists, Cushing's syndrome is caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. People with Cushing's syndrome develop a rapid increase in fat on the face, abdomen and chest. As the arms and legs of a person are thinner than the core muscles, this is why it is clearly visible. In addition, Cushing's syndrome can cause red spots on the face, high blood pressure and skin changes. Some people may also have osteoporosis and mood swings.
Elevated levels of cortisol in the blood can affect women in many ways. As it can cause changes in libido and menstrual cycle in women. Not only that, due to the increase in the amount of cortisol, some women may also suffer from disorders like anxiety and depression.
Problems with cortisol hormone deficiency
Excess and deficiency of the hormone cortisol are both harmful to health. Cortisol deficiency can lead to primary adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease. It is a rare type of autoimmune disease that causes damage to the adrenal glands. The symptoms start slowly, but over time they can become more severe. Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency are at risk for problems such as fatigue, muscle loss, weight loss, mood swings and skin changes.
Corticosteroid therapy
If your body is unable to produce enough cortisol, doctors may recommend corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids are synthetic forms of cortisol, which can also be used to treat a variety of conditions.
Inflammatory conditions
Addison's disease
Skin related conditions like psoriasis
Because corticosteroids are powerful drugs, there is a risk of a variety of side effects.
Weight gain, especially around the face
Increased blood sugar and diabetes
Rapid mood swings, feeling irritable and anxious
High risk of infection
Eye problems like cataracts.
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