Glass is made with the help of very simple ingredients ie white sand of the sea and some kind of alkali. Since it is of many types, different weights of these ingredients are used for different types.
There are generally four types: 1. Crystal ie flint glass 2. Plate glass 3. Crown glass 4. Green bottle glass
1. Flint glass
(Artificial crystal) It is the cleanest white weight and is more elastic and soft than other types. It is quickly cut with sand and water. Face mirrors, wine glasses, spectacles and all high-end accessories or decorative items are made of this crystal. It is made up of 52 parts of clean sea sand, 14 parts of potash and 34 parts of oxide of lead.
2. Plate glass
It is made of crystals with a very low degree of purity and whiteness. It is used to make thin types of mirrors, ordinary tools and chimneys. It is made of pure white sand with 55 parts, soda with 35 parts, salt with 8 parts and lime with 2 parts
3. Crown glass
It is made of third grade glass. Window glass is made of it. It is made of fine sixty-three parts sand, chalk, seven parts soda, thirty parts soda. In the past, it had a high reflectivity, but nowadays it has oxide. Off Magnus, a little bit of mixing has removed this flaw.
4. Green bottle glass
It is the lowest type and is used to make ordinary bottles and cheap goods. It is dirty and ugly in color. Its ingredients are as follows: sea sand eight parts, salt ten parts, lime ten parts.
Glass melting
Whichever type of glass is to be made, first the ingredients are mixed well. A little bit is put in and then these pots are placed on the furnace in the shape of a circle. Inside which the fire is heated. When the ingredients melt. They start and keep removing the dirt that comes up when it is cooked. Now this clean thin substance stays in the heat of a clean flame until the air bubbles are completely removed. The work of glass is very difficult and the people who do this work are very hardworking and experienced because with a little cooling the glass hardens immediately and nothing can happen at that time. Skilled craftsmen do wonders. That is, they can make big things of equal thickness by just blowing.
Blowing things up
The method of this is that the iron tube with open mouths on both sides is in the hands of the artisan. They put one end of it in the molten glass and rotate it rapidly till one of the glass. The ball forms at this end equal to the man's head and pulls another iron rod which is flattened in front of the tube and the hole is drilled. Then the glass is heated red sharply and the tube is rotated again. Rotate. Even the hole becomes a flat round board as it grows. It is released by pouring cold water from the drain. Then it is immediately put on the table. This makes it suitable for a flat sheet and later as per custom. The need is fragmented.
Plate glass (sheet glass)
This is done by filling a large hot pot with molten glass and immediately placing an iron surface on the grease. This table is surrounded by a moving strip, which can be adjusted up and down as needed. If a thick glass is to be made, the strip is to be raised, and if it is to be made thin, the edge is to be lowered, and on one side of this table there is a very clean, smooth weight roller. So when the glass is placed on the table, Is given. Which makes a smooth sheet.
Bottle making
The simplest way to make a bottle is to make a mold according to the desired shape on the outside and take the molten glass in the tube as needed and blow it into the mold. Until the mold is filled and the mold is left open by blowing. The template is made into two pieces. By separating them, the bottle easily comes out from inside.
Remove the hardness of the glass
Any kind of glass becomes so hard that it breaks immediately with the slightest injury. Therefore, to remove this defect, it is done that when the glass is very hot, it is kept close to the furnace and Cool slowly. In this way the glass is not as hard as it is without this process. It becomes stronger and does not break with hard hot water or heat.
Burn the plate
When the sheet cools down, it is rubbed with the help of emery powder, etc., until the surface is smooth and smooth, then it is polished, which makes it clear and transparent. Red oxide of iron, as the Kurds call it, is used.
Cut glass
There are different types of emery wheels for this purpose. When the glass is rubbed, fine sand and water are used equally. That is, the artisan keeps sand on the pieces of sand and glass, which helps a lot in rubbing. But sand is not put in the quarry, only water is enough.
Making artificial jewelry of every color
Artificial jewelry is actually the same glass, but it becomes more beautiful and precious by giving different colors and trimming. At the time of trimming, cleaning and burning is done with such excellence and effort that the pieces of glass look like imitations of jewelry. Cobalt combines blue with red oxide of copper and green with oxide of chromium.
Cut thin glass with scissors
Dip a thin glass in water and cut it with a thick scissors inside the water.
Do you own a business of glass?