Plants and animals are made up of millions of cells and these cells have several similarities and differences.
Considering that they are both eukaryotic cells, which means they have a true nucleus, that is enclosed and separated from other organelles by a nuclear membrane, is a crucial factor that defines their modes of multiplication. They have similar reproduction processes of mitosis and meiosis, using their DNA that is housed by the cell nucleus.They are also both membrane-bound with several cell organelles in common performing the same if not similar mechanisms to maintain and control the cells’ normal function. These organelles include the nucleus, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, peroxisomes, and the cell membrane.
They also undergo cellular respiration, which performs processes of energy production used to grow the cell and maintain its normal functions.
Despite having all these similarities they have several differences as well.
Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements. The functions of these organelles are extremely similar between the two classes of cells (peroxisomes perform additional complex functions in plant cells having to do with cellular respiration). However, the few differences that exist between plants and animals are very significant and reflect a difference in the functions of each cell.
Plant cells can be larger than animal cells. The normal range for an animal cell varies from 10 to 30 micrometers while that for a plant cell stretches from 10 to 100 micrometers. Beyond size, the main structural differences between plant and animal cells lie in a few additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.Characteristic
Definition:
Animal cells are also the basic functional unit of life for animals constituting all cell organelles that perform a variety of functions to support the animals’ metabolisms.
Plant cells are basic functional units of plants constituting all cell organelles performing a variety of functions that support the plants’ metabolisms.
Size and shape:
Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells with their cells ranging from 10-30um in length.
Animal cells shape and sizes vary greatly from irregular shapes to round shapes, most defined by the function they perform.
Plant cells are larger than animal cells with the cell size ranging from 10um-100um in length.
Plant cells similar in shape with most cells being rectangular or cube-shaped.
Cell wall:
They lack the cell wall but possess a plasma (cell) membrane, which performs the function of support and protection of the cell from external damage.
It also plays a major role in selective permeability allowing in and outflow of nutrient molecules, water, and other cell elements.
They have both a cell wall that is made up of cell membrane and cellulose. The cell wall is, a rigid membrane matrix found on the surface of all plant cells whose primary role is to protect the cell and its content.
Plasma membrane:
Animal have a plasma membrane that is a thin flexible membrane, which acts as a protective covering for the animal cell.
It also has selective permeability.
In the plant the presence of the plasma membrane made up of cellulose, just below the cell wall which allows selective permeability of cell contents into and out of the cell cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm:
In animal, it houses all the cell organelles.
In plant,It houses most of the cell organelles
Ribosomes:
In the animal they are present and they are used for protein synthesis and genetic coding of the protein, amino acid sequences.
In the plant cell,They are present and they are used for protein synthesis and cellular repair mechanisms.
Difference between the animal and plant cells is very important in the biology so this explanation is not perfect for this you improve your knowledge and continue to update these things