The habitat of humans on Mars is called Mars Habitat. [1] The mission to settle humans on Mars is called the Mars One Mission. [2]



Design of ice-covered houses for Mars habitation

In reality building this accommodation is quite challenging. These habitats on Mars, which are almost devoid of oxygen, extreme cold, high radiation, and low pressure, must compete with the surface conditions. [3] [4]

History

The earliest idea of ​​a Mars habitation was to keep the Mars Ascent Descent Vehicle (ADV) short. This system is known as the Mars Excursion Module, which features other components of space travel, such as the basic rover and science equipment. Subsequent missions place more emphasis on habitats with completely independent climbing and roaming features.

In 2013, ZA Architects proposed to build an underground habitat by excavating robots on Mars. [4] On the other hand, it also mentions the difficulty of sending a digging robot to build a landing capsule on the surface of Mars vs. Habitat Building. So as an alternative it is thought that the habitat will be built on the ground and thick ice will be used to protect it from radiation. The problem, however, is that this thickness of ice will prevent visible light from entering the interior of the dwelling.

Then in 2015, a project called SHEE mentioned the concept of automated construction and preparation for human habitation for Mars habitation. [5]

Review Edit

A major challenge for habitats on Mars is to maintain an artificial environment and protect it from intense solar radiation. People living there also need a stressful environment to protect them from the toxic Martian atmosphere.

The biggest thing is that going to Mars means leaving this accustomed atmosphere on Earth, keeping the journey on Mars going, and finally landing safely on the surface of Mars, which is difficult enough. Although there is an advantage called 'aerobraking' in the atmosphere of Mars, it is only necessary to use a small amount of propellant for the safe landing of the spacecraft. However, the amount of energy required to move objects on the surface of Mars is an extra work before it enters Mars orbit. In 1960, the United States built a rocket called 'Satrun V' which was able to launch into lunar orbit with three passengers with the required mass and return after landing on the surface. This work required the development of a number of specially designed hardware and a technology called Lunar Orbit Rendezvous.

This same technology is also thought to be used for Mars. However, it requires a 'Mars Excursion Module' that will ensure a passenger landing (Ascent Descent Vehicle-ADV) and a short stay on Mars. This plan was later changed to separate the landing-landing vehicle (ADV) and the surface habitat and using the Descent Vehicle for landing, positioning and landing separately according to the new design architecture. The use of Orion Capsule in the Space Launch System in 2010 is thought to have the payload capacity and efficiency required for human mission.

A significant challenge for Mars habitat is maintaining the weather, especially in the right places at the right temperature. [6]

One of the concepts of Mars habitation is the use of Martin caves or lava tubes. The Caves of Mars Project also proposes an air-lock to the national structure. [6]

The use of plants or other organisms to provide food and air is influenced by the plan of Mars habitation. In order to keep the inhabitants of Mars alive, attention may have to be paid to keeping certain types of plants alive in this habitat. [6]

Research by NASA's Caves of Mars Project has suggested that the following features be given priority in the selection of plants for food and biological support to the inhabitants of Mars. [9]

Excessive yield

Survive in low light

Wide pH range

More nutritious

Low waste

Two plants, Duckweed (Lemna minor) and Waterfern (Azolla filiculoides), have been identified as particularly suitable in this study. [9]



Habitat of Mars together with other elements on the surface of Mars (artwork)

Necessary tools



Orion SpaceCraft

Some potential areas of technology required for habitat on Mars:

3D Printing

Mars atmospheric entry

Caves of Mars Project

Aerospace Engineering

Space Capsule

Space plant

Nasal editing

Mars Habitat Display Unit of Desert Research and Technology Studies

In early 2015, NASA outlined concepts for a three-stage competition to design and build Mars dwellings. The first stage was only design formulation. The next stage is the construction of technology using the components of an abandoned spacecraft, and the last stage is the construction of a real home for Mars using 3D printing technology. [10]

In September 2015, NASA announced the winner of the Cloud Architecture Office / SEArch's Mars Ice House project in the first phase of the 3-D Printed Habitat Challenge using 3D printing technology. [11] The project mentions a two-layer ice cover around the main module lander. [12]

In June 2016, NASA selected the final 10 finalists for the final round of the competition. [13]

In May 2019, NASA selected Ai SpaceFactory's Marsha project as the final winner of the 3D-printed Mars Habitat Challenge. On this last day, it took competitors 30 hours to build a 1/3 scale model using robotic construction technology. [14]

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