Who has not heard of the panacea for all diseases found in dreams. In the market or on the market, on the train-bus or in the village, starting from the heart of the capital, many people sell medicines for all diseases. Even people who believe in them look at it with suspicion চোখে whether the tree can be found again in the dream! But whether the tree is found or not, the dream that the author or the scientist or researcher has come up with new ideas or solutions to complex problems is not a lie. Those who are still skeptical about this need to know that the list includes author Robert Louis Stevenson, mathematician Ramanujan, Albert Einstein and many more. And there is the famous chemist Friedrich August Kekule. At this time, let's hear the dream of this German scientist. In the Middle Ages, perfumery was procured from the Indonesian island of Java in other countries, including Arabia and Europe. The raw material was collected from the bark of a kind of shrub that grew there. In Arabic it was called Luban Jai. That is, frankincense or incense from Java. Over time the word spread to Italian and from there to other European languages. Although there is no change in the aroma of this frankincense, the word is changed to gum benzene or gum benzamin. Benzene or benzoin for short. Benzene began to be widely used in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries of Europe in the 15th century. However, it was not until 1825 that the British scientist Michael Faraday was able to chemically isolate and identify the compound. He named it bicarbonate of hydrogen.
Eight years later, the German chemist Ilhard Mitscherlich was able to make this compound from gum benzene. He called the liquid and light sweet-smelling compound benzene. Benzene was widely used in Europe during the Industrial Revolution. In addition to perfume, the compound is now being used in the paint industry. Benzene aftershave lotions began to be used in the early 19th and early 20th centuries because of their sweet smell. Despite being poisonous, it was used in coffee by a German businessman named Ludwig Rosellas in 1934. Benzene is now used in various industries including medicine, plastics, synthetic rubber, paints. It is mainly used as an intermediate compound to make other chemicals. Scientists also discovered benzene in space around 1998.
As a very useful and important compound, many people started thinking about the composition of the compound in the 19th century. After many experiments, some scientists realized in those days that benzene had six carbon and six hydrogen atoms. Its chemical signal is C6H6. But this turned their heads. Because carbon is a tetravalent. That is, it is supposed to be associated with four hydrogens. But benzene is the whole exception. So what will be its structure? This is very difficult. Chemists are lost. At that time, like many others, Kekule also thought about the chemical composition of benzene. Although others failed, he published an article in a journal in 185 describing the exact structure of benzene.
On the 25th anniversary of the discovery of the benzene ring structure in 1890, Kekule opened his mouth to the mystery of its discovery. That's when an interesting incident came to light. According to Kekul, he suddenly dreamed one night around 175 that two atoms became attached to each other while dancing. Seeing this scene, he woke up that day. However, he did not dismiss the matter as a dream and quickly sat down with his notebook and pen. Then he began to draw a sketch of the dance of the dream atom. No, that's not the solution to the benzene problem.
A few days later. One day he fell asleep while sitting in a chair reading a book. He saw another dream in that condition. This time he saw something more clearly. Dancing that atom again. But this time he saw that many atoms were dancing around in a spiral. As the atoms danced, the first atom joined the last atom in a spiral shape! It's like a snake swallowing its own tail. This dream opened a new door for organic compounds in chemistry. From this dream, Kekule got an idea about the cyclic structure of benzene. Since then, we know that the benzene ring contains six carbons and six hydrogens. And these six carbon atoms are connected to each other like a ring, and each carbon has a hydrogen atom attached to it. It is also called hydrocarbon because benzene is made up of only carbon and hydrogen. The combination of six carbons forms a hexagon. In single and binding bonds each carbon-carbon bond has the same range and the delocalized electrons on the top and plane of the benzene ring give the benzene stability.
Right, some scientists realized in those days that benzene had six carbon and six hydrogen atoms. Its chemical signal is C6H6. But this turned their heads. Because carbon is a tetravalent.