Nelson mandela ( 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader and philanthropist who served as President of south Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a ffully represtative democratic election. HIS government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconcilition . Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist , he served as the president of the African National congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
..Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the far-left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice , he received more then 250 honours, including the Noble peace prize. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Thembu clan name Madiba, and described as the "Father of the nation".
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