Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that often comes before vomiting. Vomiting is the forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying ("throwing up") of stomach contents through the mouth.

What causes Nausea and Vomiting ?

Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but they are symptoms of many conditions such as:

• Motion sickness or seasickness

• Early stage of pregnancy (nausea occurs in approximately 50%-90% of all pregnancies; vomiting in 25%-55%)

• Medication-induced vomiting

• Intense pain

• Emotional stress (such as fear)

• Gallbladder diseases

• Food poisoning

• Infections (such as "stomach The causes of vomiting differ according to age. For children, it is common for vomiting to occur from a viral infection, food poisoning, milk allergy, motion sickness, overeating or feeding, coughing, or blocked intestines and illnesses in which the child has a high fever.

The timing of the nausea or vomiting can indicate the cause. When appearing shortly after a meal, nausea or vomiting may be caused by food poisoning, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), an ulcer, or bulimia. Nausea or vomiting one to eight hours after a meal may also indicate food poisoning. However, certain food- borne bacteria, such as salmonella, can take longer to produce

Is Vomiting Harmful?

Usually, vomiting is harmless, but it can be a sign of a more serious illness. Some examples of serious conditions that may result in nausea or vomiting include concussions, meningitis (infection of the membrane linings of the brain), intestinal blockage, appendicitis, and brain tumors.

Another concern is dehydration. Adults have a lower risk of becoming dehydrated, because they can usually detect the symptoms of dehydration (such as increased thirst and dry lips or mouth). But young children have a greater risk of becoming dehydrated, especially if they also have diarrhea, because they often are unable to communicate symptoms of dehydration. Adults caring for sick children need to be aware of these visible signs of dehydration: dry lips and mouth, sunken eyes, and rapid breathing or pulse. In infants, also watch for decreased urination and a sunken fontanelle ❣

When to Call the Doctor About Nausea and Vomiting

You should seek immediate medical care if any of the following situations occur with vomiting:

• There is blood in the vomit (bright red or "coffee grounds" in appearance)

• Severe headache or stiff neck

• Lethargy, confusion, or a decreased alertness

• Severe abdominal pain

• Diarrhea

• Rapid breathing or pulse

How is Vomiting treated ?

Treatment for vomiting (regardless of age or cause) includes:

• Drinking gradually larger amounts of clear liquids

• Avoiding solid food until the vomiting episode has passed

• If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, an oral rehydrating solution such as Pedialyte should be used to prevent and treat dehydration.

• Pregnant women experiencing morning sickness can eat some crackers before getting out of bed or eat a high protein snack before going to bed (lean meat or cheese).

How can we prevent Nausea ?

There are several ways to try and prevent nausea from developing:

• Eat small meals throughout the day instead of three large meals.

• Eat slowly.

• Avoid hard-to-digest foods.

• Consume foods that are cold or room temperature if you nauseated by the smell of hot or warm foods.

• Rest after eating with your head elevated about 12 inches above your feet.

• Drink liquids between meals rather than during meals.

• Try to eat when you feel less nauseated

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