Galaxies are sprawling space system composed of dust, gas and countless stars. The number of galaxies cannot be counted-the observable universe along may contain 100 billion. Some of these distant system are similar to our Milky Way galaxy, while others are quite different.

Galaxies with less than a billion stars are considered "small galaxies". In our own galaxy, the Sun is just one of about 100 billion stars. Galaxies are classified into three main types: spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and irregular galaxies.

Spiral galaxies such as the Milky Way, consist of a flat disk with a bulging center and surrounding spiral arms. The galaxy's disk include stars, planets, dust, and gas-all of which rotate around the galactic center in a regular manner. Some spiral galaxies obtain even more interesting shapes that earn them descriptive names, such as Sombereo galaxies.

Older stars reside in the bulge at the center of the galactic disk. Many new stars also form in spiral systems, and their disks are surrounded by a halo, which scienctists believe in rich with mysterious dark matter.

Elliptical galaxies are universe's largest known galaxies. They are shaped as their name suggests. They are giant elliptical galaxies, which may be as much as two million light-years long. They are generally round but stretch longer along one axis than along the other. They may be nearly circular or so elongated that they take on a cigar-like appearance. They contain many older stars, up to one trillion, but little dust and other interstellar matter.

Galaxies that are not spiral and elliptical are called irregular galaxies. Irregular galaxies appear misshapen and lack of distinct form, often because they are within the gravitational influence of other galaxies close by. Some galaxies occur alone or in pairs, but they are more often parts of regular associations known as groups, cluster, and super clusters.

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