Hello everyone. Today I thought i should try to explain about importance of pH in different Cases.

In chemistry, pH is a measure of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions. if you want more easy words then pH it basically means the concentration of hydrogen ions.

I think we all have the basic knowledge that water is expressed as H2O where H refers to 1 hydrogen molecule and O2 refers to 2 oxygen molecules.From here we can get the idea of hydrogen ion.Before discussing pH in different cases let’s discuss the importance of pH in chemistry first.

Importanc of pH in chemical industries.

pH plays a very important role in various industrial processes. In the production of various drugs, fermentation or fermentation In the process of alcohol production, in bakeries, in the preparation of lozenges, it is essential to maintain the required pH. In addition tanning of skin, preparation of biological culture, control of pH in soil chemistry is important. The pH of the solution is controlled during the production of sugar from sugar cane juice.

As a result, moisture of sugar or sucrose molecules is analyzed and inverted sugar that is conversion to equivalent glucose and fructose or inversion of sucrose is prevented. Different pH values ​​have to be controlled for different dyes in the production of fabrics printed by different dyes or dyes in bleaching and dyeing of fabrics. If the pH value of the dye is not controlled, the print-cloth is damaged.In addition to pen ink, sulfide ore concentration in oil-foaming process in metal extraction, pH quality control in ETP(Effluent Treatment Plant)  is very important in industrial waste treatment.

pH of Human body

Human blood and other fluid parts are formed in such a way that they have the ability to buffer. As a result, amino acids perform specific biochemical functions by participating in specific chemical reactions.

Blood is an excellent buffer solution in various body fluids; Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffers exist in the blood. Normal blood pH = 7.4. So the blood is a buffer solution of slightly alkaline nature. Oxygen transport through the blood occurs smoothly when the normal pH of the blood is within the range of 0.1 pH. However, if the pH of the blood changes more than 0.5 for any reason, life becomes critical. However, the blood pH can vary from 7 to 7.8 for a variety of reasons.

Control of human blood pH : The following buffer systems are directly and indirectly involved in the process of controlling the pH of human blood. For example,

• Bicarbonate buffer in blood.

• Intracellular phosphate buffer and

• protein buffer.

But what is buffer reaction?

Buffer action: A chemical reaction technique that prevents a buffer solution from changing its pH even after mixing a small amount of acid or alkali solution.

However, the phosphate buffer system (Na2HPO4 - NaH3PO4 pka = 6.8) is the intracellular buffer. Blood parasites do not play a significant role in low concentrations of fluid. The protein buffer system consists of a combination of plasma proteins and hemoglobin proteins. The efficiency of a protein buffer depends on the pka value of the amino acid. Since hemoglobin contains sufficient amount of alkaline amino acid histidine (35%), its pKa value is about 7. Hemoglobin regulates the "bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer" in the blood as an excellent buffer (2%).

Sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid 
buffer system is effective in human
blood. It is a very important buffer
system of extracellular and blood
plasma fluids.

Drugs that are ingested in tablets and injected into the human body are formulated in such a way that they easily balance with the molecular concentration [H, O *] of the hydronium ion in the blood and do not cause any change in the blood pH

Importance of pH in Agriculture

Agricultural production and soil pH control are important. Plants are removed from the soil only if the pH of the soil is within a certain range Can take the necessary food, otherwise not. If the pH value is less than 3, that is, if the soil is more acidic, the plants die. For example, acid rain reduces the pH value of plants in many places, causing desertification. After application of lime (CaO) and dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) powder in acidic soils of an area near me, the pH of the soil increases.

As a result, it is possible to cultivate wheat, maize and groundnut in that soil.In case of alkaline soils, if the pH of the soil is above 9.5), the fertility of the soil is lost. Because then the soil fertility helpful microorganisms die. The pH of soil microorganisms is 6.6-7.3. Various microorganisms supply N.S.P elements to increase soil fertility. Thus the spread of soil pH on agricultural land is kept between 3-9.5 in different regions depending on the condition of agricultural work.

Therefore, (1) lime and calcium and magnesium fertilizers are used to increase the pH of acidic soils. On the other hand

(2) various nitrate fertilizers like KNO3, NH4, NO, and phosphate fertilizers like TSP or mono calcium phosphate, Ca (H, PO4) 2 and super phosphate etc. are used. Superphosphate is a mixture of mono calcium phosphate monohydrate (Ca (H, PO4) 2 H2O], (NH4) 2 HPO, and gypsum (2 (CaSO 2HO)].

Importance of pH in Toiletries

At present, toiletries refer to toilet soap, shampoo, face wash and toothpaste. These ingredients are used for body care, scalp hair and hair follicles and for gum inside the mouth. The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature. Besides, various diseases including harmful fungi, viruses and bacteria. The acidic environment is effective in preventing these harmful pathogens.Therefore, the natural substance under the skin (sebum secreted from the sebaceous glands called sebum) forms a smooth acid coating on the epidermis. The pH value of the skin in the elderly is usually in the range 4.0-5.5. However, the pH of soft skin of a 2/1 month old baby is much higher (7-8).

This acido-coating of the epidermis plays a role in maintaining the connection between the cells that maintain the moisture of the skin, gaining the elegance and firmness of the skin. Therefore, if the skin's acid coating is damaged for any reason, the overall damage to the skin occurs. For example, laundry soaps, detergents and dishwashing soaps contain more alkali, with a pH of 11-13. All these soaps damage the epidermis of the user's hand. The skin becomes dry, uneven and rough. So the pH value in the production of different toiletries has to be kept within certain limits.For example,

• The pH of the skin should be kept at 4.0 to 5.5 to protect the skin from bacterial attack. In this case, anti-oxidants such as vitamins A, C, E and green tea drink play an effective role.

• The pH value of bath soap is kept between 7-8.

• The pH value of hair shampoo is kept between 5-7.

• Face wash is kept between 6-8.

• The pH value of toothpaste is kept at 8

pH in taking medicine

The various physiological reactions in the cells of each system of the human body are regulated by enzymes and the fluid of each system has a specific pH value. For example,

• pH of tears = 4.8–7.5

• Saliva or salivary pH of the mouth = 6.35-6.68.

• The pH of breast milk = 6.6-6.9

• pH of urine = 4.8–7.5

• The pH of the blood is 7.4 and

• After the oral cavity, the various disinfectants in the stomach have the highest acidic pH (14–2.0)
  

As a result, the stomach enzyme pepsin remains active. Then at the beginning of the small intestine in the alkaline environment of Peters the pH = (7.4-8.0).

We become physically ill when there is an exception to any human process physiologically. To cure the sick body, we take various chemicals called medicines orally or injections. Oral drugs and eye drops are absorbed intracellularly in each case and are absorbed into the bloodstream to act on the diseased system.

When taking medicine, it is necessary to take the right amount of medicine according to the advice of the doctor. Medications taken in the right dosage can be properly absorbed within the pH range of the diseased system and have an effective role at every entrance to the body. Drug absorption occurs by the skin. The process of absorption of drug molecules depends on their solubility, ionization or dissociation level and pH value.Each drug has to be more or less dissolved in water and their dissociation levels also vary. Each drug-molecule is in solution in the form of dissociated molecules and dissociated ions.

We can say, Accepted drug = drug molecule + dissociated ions.

Unsaturated drug molecules are absorbed more efficiently. E.g. (1) The process of absorption of acidic drugs like aspirin, paracetamol etc which relieves fever and pain, takes place smoothly in the timely environment of the stomach. This is because these drugs are less ionized in the stomach pH (1.4–2.0) environment. (2) Again, chloroquine, a fever drug, is mildly alkaline, resulting in low ionization in the small intestine pH (7.5–8.0) range and is properly absorbed as a molecule.

Thus the use of drugs in a sick 
body and the effectiveness of 
drugs depends entirely on the pH 
range of the body medium.

selection of proper pH-cosmetics after testing

Notable among our common everyday cosmetics are toilet soap, toothpaste, cold cream / snow, talcum powder, etc. Among these cosmetics, toothpaste is used to clean the inside of the teeth and mouth. Other ingredients such as toilet soap, cold cream / snow and powder are used for skin care. Adults have an acidic environment on their skin; The pH of the skin is between 4-6.But the pH of the newborn's skin is close to 7. So the cosmetics that are used for adults do not apply to children. This can cause serious damage to the baby's skin.

Again there is an acidic environment inside the mouth. Antiseptic mouthwash is used as a disinfectant for bad breath and pain at the base of the teeth. It says pH 5.5. Which is close to the pH of oral saliva 6.35-6.68. But within an hour after taking the food, the pH of the mouth drops below 3.Because acid is produced from the sugar in our food. So the pH8 of the toothpaste is kept close to alleviate some of the more acidic environment. We will now be able to select the appropriate cosmetics for use by examining the general cosmetic or cosmetic pH search.

Ending

There are many uses of chemistry in daily life. We should use them with a little caution We use different things as if we don't know them. Harmful aspects of chemistry must be avoided. Let's build a healthy gold. Rate the world. Let's not do anything harmful with chemicals.

Be blessed.

Image sources- all images taken from different sites. And lead image is edited with 2 photos by me.

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