đź”´ *mummy makers*
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Where did you find the mummies?!
What is mummification?!
How did the art of mummification develop?
What are the different methods of embalming?!
What is the purpose of this process?!
What are the materials used in the embalming process?
Was this process restricted to kings only?!
* We will answer all these questions through some simplified information in our article *....
The main reason for the existence of mummies until our time was the so-called mummification, and the following is the definition of that word...
đź”´ *embalming*
It is a chemical process that makes the dead seem alive
The meaning of the word embalming is to kill all living organisms, bacteria and microbes inside the mummy, the preservation coffin, and the burial room itself.
The evolution of the art of mummification
The beginning of this art has differed in its identification by scholars, it is still unknown until now, but there are some opinions that say that it dates back to the year 2700 BC, but mummified mummies dating back to the year 3300 BC have been found...
The purpose of the embalming process
In the beginning, the main objective of this process was to take care of public health and preserve the corpses from rotting, as they were interested in burying the corpses in sandy areas for a period sufficient to absorb fluids, and with the passage of time this process became mandatory to preserve the country’s air from pollution....
The analyzes conducted on samples taken from mummies belonging to successive eras showed that the pharaohs developed mummification materials by adding germ-killing ingredients to protect the mummies from decomposition.
Mummification methods also developed later, and they discovered that the internal organs must be removed from the outset to protect the corpse from decomposition, and then treated with salt, glue, rice oil, honey and tar in order to dry it and protect it from germs.
đź”´ *The mummification process was going through some different ways, which are as follows*....
â—˝ * First method *:
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The most expensive methods, which are specific to the royal court class for the "king and his family", are as follows:
1- They would start by emptying the chest from a wound in the left flank cut with a flint stone, and the entrails were washed with palm wine and then stuffed with myrrh, onions and other materials. The body was covered with linen wraps that contained dry natron salt to speed up the drying of the body. The linen laces were renewed several times after the natron was removed from the body. It was covered with aromatic oils and palm wine, and then filled with resin, myrrh, cinnamon, essential oils, onions and other materials.
The mummy was covered with a molten resin, and the open one was sewn except for the heart, so it was left in its natural position.
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2- The brain was drained from the nose by means of a copper or bronze hook that pierced the base of the skull, and it was easy to descend the brain and the skull was opened with a slit from the neck.
The body was laid on a table for embalming, which was made of stones in a curved shape. The whole body was covered with natron. The same stages were done for the head. The places for the eyes, ears and nose holes were filled with beeswax, sometimes the surface of the body was covered with a layer of gold.
3 - The body was carefully bandaged for each organ separately, as the fingers, palms, feet, legs and arms were placed crossed on the chest. The body was covered with very long bandages of linen covered with a resinous substance that protects the body from shocks and does not allow bacteria to enter the body, as it was
The viscera are covered with bandages and placed in four bowls, each bowl protected by a covering god in the form of the four sons of Horus: “Emsta protects the liver”, “My love protects the lungs”, “Dawamotiv protects the stomach”, and “Qabha Hasanov protects the intestines” and in some periods the vessels were three ,
And its name was the canopic vessels in relation to the area of ​​Canopus Abu Qir today in Alexandria, and during the operations of wrapping the body in the wraps, resin and paints were shed over the shrouds to ensure their adhesion, and during each of these operations there was a priest who recited some incantations and to preserve the body of the dead, they used a mask that sticks like The face of the dead person, and after it dried, they used to make a silver or golden mask that was placed in the place of the head to help the soul to identify its owner, the ancient Egyptians were keen to preserve their bodies after death, so they began to put the mummies in coffins, and the word “mummy” came from the Persian origin of the word "mm" means "wax" and became a mummy in the Arabic language.
The second method:__________________
It is reserved for the middle class of nobles and soldiers, and they are not inclined to grief and extravagance, and are satisfied with the mummification process of what protects the corpse from damage, so they are satisfied with injecting it with quantities of liquid fat extracted from cedar wood.
It is often used in the stomach of the deceased without incision in the body and without removing anything from the containers and intestines, through the anus, then it is treated with natron salt, and the injection port is blocked to prevent fluids from falling, then they place the body for seventy days in an alkaline solution, then they extract the body and remove the fluid that attracts with it The viscera are dissolved and the bones are dried. In this case, nothing remains of the corpse except the muscles, bones, and skin. By completing its preparation in this way, they are placed in sterile wraps and the face is protected, so they paint it red and hand it over to the family of the deceased for burial.
The third method:
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It is the cheapest of the three methods and was chosen by the poor classes, and it includes depositing the body for seventy days in an alkaline solution and extracting it after that to be treated with natron, and placed in simple wraps and delivered to the family of the deceased, and they used to make the funerals of the poor people a great deal of simplicity.
đź”´ *Materials used in the mummification process*
The great historian Herodotus mentioned some of the materials that were used in this process, which are as follows.....
*beeswax*
*bitumen*
Cassia (a type of cinnamon)
*rice oil*
*Cedre*
*Sokos*
*sedrium*
*gum*
*henna*
*love juniper*
*quick lime*
*natron*
*paints*
*onion*
*Sweat*
*Palm*
*Sawdust*
*spice*
*wood tar*
đź”´ *Examples of Miawat*
◀️ *mummy of King Thutmose II*
He is the son of King Thutmose I and married Queen Hatshepsut, he died at the age of 36.
The Yemeni man is wounded and there is a cleft wound in the neck.
The length of the mummy is 168.5 cm...
đź”´ *The mummy of King Ramses V*
He is the son of King Ramses III, a king of the twentieth dynasty, who ruled for about 4 years 145 BC and was still young when he died
đź”´ *Mummy of Sinkerta*
One of the family 27 was killed in a battle against the Hyksos at the age of forty, his mummy was 170 cm long and had a wound in the
