• Global warming has cause serious changes with the earth. Climate change is one of the major causes of global warming. By increasing the level of global warming day by day it brings the world into climate change. Climate change has becomes a fact and it doomed some of the populations as well, one cannot deny it. We are at a point where we are facing weather patterns that leading us towards food threat. Due to global warming world is facing increase in sea level by melting of ice poles, disappearing of species, extreme weathers and deforestation. By melting the ice due to extreme hot weather, life in small islands and coastal communities became risky.  Stability in climate ensures people to develop a culture and settle down. It ensures the reliable source of food by believing that the crops would grow year after year. When the weather patterns will never remain same we will not be able to grow crops. We should demand from government to take measure to more sustainable life and to spread awareness and as a public we must play our role by using sustainable tools to avoid climate change. Pakistan is one of the 7th countries who face extreme weathers. Pakistan is facing extreme weather events like floods and droughts every years and it leaves a huge question mark on country’s economy. Pakistan is also facing water crises which is directly linked with its agriculture and energy sector. Government of Pakistan needs to join hands with their public by utilizing the natural resources to bring the country on the road of sustainable development.

Causes and effects of climate change

Deforestation: forest makes our environment clean. It filters the air and protects us from air pollution. Through the photosynthesis process they absorb the CO2 and provide Oxygen to the atmosphere.

Increase in greenhouse gases: greenhouse gases include methane, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide and HCFCs. All of these are caused by heating, burning of fossils fuels excess use of fertilizers and transport etc.

Increase in population: increase in population would needs more resources which increases the emissions of greenhouse gasses

Destruction of marine life: oceans are known as carbon sinks. They help the environment from climate change by absorbing 50% of the CO2.

When the human started industrialization and starts using fossils fuels, the demand of the energy and production increased. Scientist named this era as a term “Anthropocene” which means impact of human on earth. And their effect on environment increased and caused change in ecosystem. 10,000 to 50,000 species are estimated to disappear every year due extreme weather conditions and climate change such as desertification. Climate change also resulted in migration of human and other species as well which is considered as a bigger problem of today’s world. Whenever a huge number of population moves from one place to another place it not only affects the land where they migrated but also affect their people and economy. It became challenging for the governments to manage the refugees. Global warming has reached 1C and it has already caused very serious consequences such as extreme weathers, refugees, and rise in sea level, droughts, floods, coral reef deaths and greater heat waves.

 What we can do to avoid climate change

Although climate change cannot take lightly or we cannot avoid it but we can take some measure to decrease the level of global warming or its devastating effects by restricting the temperature to 1.5 degree Celsius. Restricting the global warming is not easy or not even a single person can do that but all we can do is effort and that would be more beneficial for upcoming generations. Climate change is a worldwide challenge and it cannot be controlled by the borders or the armies. The entire world needs to join hands to deal with this problem. According to IPCC “we must reduce its carbon dioxide emissions to 45% by 2030 and reach ‘net zero’ by 2050. First of all, we should replace renewable source of energy with non-renewable by restricting the use of oil, gas and carbon. We should do some collective measures to stop the emissions of CO2. According to a research, HFCs (chemicals from fridges and air conditioners) are 9,000 times more warming for the earth’s temperature than CO2. By stopping their use could be number one in reducing the emissions of CO2. We need to go for the renewable sources such as onshore wind, hydropower, geothermal and solar energy. According to International Renewable Energy Agency, these commonly used renewables would be cheaper than fossil fuels by 2020.  We need to change our daily habits by switching the use of plastic, try to use less car and planes because fuel they uses is one of the major cause if global warming. A normal round of plane releases 1.6 tons of CO2. We should use sustainable transportation and go for bicycles and train rather than cars and airplanes. It is not only healthy for the life of earth but also for the human life and other species. As transportation is one of the causes of CO2, government of every state should take measures to reduce transportation by introducing public transport facilities. So that great number of people can travel in a single vehicles instead of every individual travelling in his own car. We should stop using plastic products. Some of the countries are trying to stop this by banning plastic like in Pakistan- government has taken a measure to stop the public by using plastic by banning the plastic bags in Islamabad and giving people awareness about its harmful effects. Meat and dairy segment is one of the bigger emitter of greenhouse gases. Cattles are also a huge source of methane and CO2 emission. They are also one of the causes of deforestation and the fertilizers used in their food releases greenhouse gasses. Try to eat the food that is produced in your area to stop emission during transportation and imports. 

Apart from these population is one of the biggest causes of climate change. Nicholas’s study shows that having a small family with less children is the best approach to decrease your contribution to the climate change, and it resulted into 60 tonnes to CO2 could be avoided in a year. It will not only help to reduce the CO2 emission but it will be helpful to save the resources as well. Excess of population will never meet the SDGs. Population also creates problems like hunger, migration and poor economies. More population will use more resources that would leads us to the reduction in natural resources and sometimes in poor countries it leads towards droughts. We need to raise our voice against the violation of SDGs i.e. goal 13. We should act against cutting of trees and need to plant more tress because trees help to absorb tons of CO2. We should practice the 3R’s of sustainability; 1.Reduce, 2.Reuse 3.Recycle

Role of International community

International community is very important in solving the worldwide problems. International organizations were made to play a key role to solve the world’s problems. We cannot deny their role in soughing out the problems of the whole world and world politics as well. Like other major problems, international community also joins their hands in fight against climate change. They made some of the agreement to deal with the global warming. The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is committed to check out the human impact on climate and suggested some measures to counter it. The Conference of the Parties (COPs) was made to take some measure against the climate change. They conducted annually meetings to take economic help from the member states to assist the poor countries. In 2015; for the very first time all the countries join hands with each other to combat global warming by signing ‘The Paris Agreement’. Over the past 15 years, the hole in ozone has reduced and its credit goes to “Montreal protocol-which came into force in1989”. 

ACCIONA

ACCION is a carbon neutral and a universal operator in renewables since 2016. It provides sustainable solutions to the renewable energy and infrastructure projects that help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It helps to reduce the emission of CO2 by providing renewable energy projects with low carbon. ACCIONA also helps to reduce the negative effects of climate change and global warming by decreasing the emission of CO2. It takes the fight against climate change as a strategic priority. The company has successfully generated the Electrical Energy with zero emission of CO2.

Mitigation

Mitigate the effects of climate by taking action to reduce the effects of greenhouse gasses and to reduce the temperature of earth by decreases the emission of greenhouse gasses and trying to invest more in renewable energies for the long term. Their actions include the decrease in the use of fossils fuels by executing the resourceful transport means and increasing the prices of carbon to protect the planet from pollution and carbon emissions. 

Adapting to the environment

Adaptation deals with the impacts of climate change and effectiveness of the actions or measures taken for improving the infrastructure. Their actions include water cleansing and dealing, reforesting and landscape renovation. They also invest in research to forecast the disasters and development into the behavior of temperature.

Geoengineering

Geoengineering deals with changing in earth’s natural parts to avoid the disastrous effects of climate change. It is quite different from the mitigation and adaptation because they involve humans to reduce the risk of climate change but Geoengineering is a scientific tool to avoid the climate change.

Geoengineering proposes two approaches to control the climate change and global warming.

1. Solar Radiation Management (SRM): It deals with the injection of sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere and sea salts in lower atmosphere. Sulfate particles will protect earth from harmful sun rays by sending them back to space. Whereas sea salts in lower atmosphere will help to make more clouds. 

2. Carbon Dioxide Removal(CDR): this approach deals with the completely removal of CO2 from the atmosphere by investing in large machines to absorb the CO2 or store it under the ground

It is known for hacking the climate system to avoid climate change and global warming. By changing the parts of earth by Geoengineering and interfering in nature could be more disastrous than beneficial. Without any insurance we cannot consider these approaches as a cure.

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