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"Universe to Zero"
How is it possible that our whole universe could be created from scratch? Believe it or not, the formula of physics is possible, but it is also possible to follow the pure formula of physics. And everything that is possible is possible according to the laws of physics. No matter how impossible it may seem. Therefore, those who have full confidence in the laws of physics must take the matter naturally. Let's get to the basics.
In order to understand how our whole universe is created from "nothing", we first have to face at least two questions. These two questions almost always leave us in a quandary.
1. What is the emptiness from which such a vast universe can be created?
2. In such a vast universe, the presence of so much matter and energy that we can see how it was created from scratch is not a violation of the principle of conservation of energy?
I am trying to answer two questions at the same time - all the particles in the universe, that is, everything in the universe, are made by the field, but only by looking at the field very closely can we see its particle form.
(Figure: 1-a)
Each of the elementary particles in our universe is a wave. Each elementary particle has its own field involved. This field again exists in a state of constant instability. The wave caused by the instability of the field is the particle associated with that field. For example, the quark particle is the wave associated with the quark field, the W particle is the wave associated with the W field, the light particle is the photons Waves, etc. The mass of these particles involved in their respective fields depends on the amount of energy required to vibrate the field, or how the particle interacts with the field. Now imagine a place where no particles are present and no radiation is present. No. We call such a place a vacuum. Since there is no particle or radiation in space, it is natural that there is no field in space. But no, even if there is no particle in space, the presence of field always exists. And there is always a zero value of this field . This field is called the quantum field or the Higgs field. Since the instability of the field (or wave) is the particle involved in that field, but there is no presence of particles in the void, so it is expected that there will be no instability (or wave) in the field. Absolutely constant calm. The same value can be found at every point of a stationary constant such that the value of the field will be constant. But this is where quantum mechanics, as always, pushes our commonsense. Quantum mechanics says that even the value of the quantum field or the Higgs field at every point involved in space is constantly fluctuating.
(Figure: 1-b)
This fluctuation of the quantum field in space is called quantum fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation. The corrugation associated with this Higgs field is called the Higgs boson. But if we go from the smallest to the smallest range of space (10 ^ -35 m) we will see that there is no more stable character of the field. Instead, it will be seen that the field is restless and restless.
(Figure: 2)
These fluctuations in the field are also called quantum foam or quantum bubbles. For example, when you look at the surface of a pool table, it looks very smooth, but if you look at it from a great distance, you can see that it has a lot of roughness. Does the value fluctuate without being constant, or why does the quantum field in volatility show instability? The answer is Heisenberg's law of uncertainty. This principle states that any conjugate variable (being a conjugate variable) The unit is equal to the unit of Planck's constant. For example: position-momentum, energy-time, etc.) values cannot be determined simultaneously with accuracy. The more accurate one is determined, the more uncertainty there is in determining the other. Suppose a marble is placed in a bowl. What shall we see? The marble is sitting still in the bowl.
(Figure: 3)
Now if the marble is thought to be very small (electron proton stage) which is placed in a very small bowl, then we will see that the marble can never sit still. It is swaying back and forth. This is due to the principle of uncertainty. Nothing can be determined with 100 percent accuracy. If the marble had remained stationary, we would have determined its position with 100 percent accuracy, which violates the principle of uncertainty. The marble is forced to sway back and forth to protect the principle of uncertainty. If the value of the quantum field were constant, it would violate the principle of uncertainty (because the value of the field is constant, so we can know its position with 100 percent accuracy). But the principle of uncertainty can never be violated. We do not know at the same time how its value and time are changing. This instability of the quantum field in space can cause a huge amount of energy. In fact, energy can be created here, It seems to be better to say no to creation, because if there was no power in space, that is, there would be zero power, then it would be a violation of the principle of uncertainty. Since '0' is a fixed number, to say that there is zero energy means that we have determined the energy with 100 percent certainty, which is against the principle of uncertainty. Therefore, the emergence of energy in space is inevitable and its value will change completely random There will be quantity. This energy of space is called zero point energy. The continuous instability of the quantum field automatically results in the formation of particle-antiparticle pairs. These are called virtual particles or Asad particles. The reason they are called virtual particles or Asad particles is that they are not real particles. Because they cannot be seen directly through a particle detector. But their presence can be measured indirectly. One such experiment was the Casimi effect. In 1948, the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimi showed that electromagnetic field instability could be determined by experiment. Two very thin metal plates were placed very close together in space. But in reality the plates placed in this way gradually move towards each other. Since the two plates are placed in a vacuum, it can be said that vacuum fluctuations in very small gaps between the two plates result in only short wavelengths (or low frequencies). But all the wavelength (or all frequency) modes can be created in a large space on either side of the plate. Therefore, the external pressure will be higher than the inner pressure of the gap. Due to the difference between these two pressures, the two plates are attracted to each other.
(Figure: 4)
The higher the space-time curvature and the faster the space-time curvature changes, the higher the rate of formation of Asad particles. At the beginning of the creation of the universe, all kinds of fields were very unstable, including the gravitational field. Its temperature was 10 ২ 32 Kelvin). At such a temperature there was a lot of instability of the field. Due to this instability the spatial curvature also increases very much and its rate of change also becomes fast. Extremely high. From a vacuum or a quantum instability, a pair of particles spontaneously come together spontaneously and then, in a very short time, merge with each other to form energy. And since Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states, Observing its disproportionate "
E∆t ~
Therefore, the amount of energy destroyed will be almost infinite. In space, particle creation and destruction continues unabated.
(Figure-5)
So we see that what we call space (non-irradiated space) is actually classical space. But going deeper into this space, that is, at the quantum level, it is seen that the object is actually filled with energy and field. This is called quantum space. So the classical vacuum and the quantum vacuum are not really one. Quantum emptiness is not emptiness, it is filled by matter energy and field. That is, quantum emptiness means the presence of something. Nothing here means nothing. In quantum emptiness, nothing is nothing, nothing is something.
From this nothingness of quantum emptiness, our entire universe can be created spontaneously through vacuum fluctuations. In other words, this entire universe can emerge from absolutely zero without any disturbance of the energy conservation formula. However, it will be an extreme shock. It can be seen that the total energy of the universe is zero or almost zero. How is this possible? First of all, the total energy of the universe can be zero or almost zero. Only in the case of flat world, total energy is not zero when the universe is curved and in that case creation of universe from zero is possible. No. Observations have proven the flat features of the universe (but research is ongoing). Now let's see how the total energy of the universe is zero. We know the gravitational force,
U (r) = -GMm / r
From this it is seen that when two objects are infinitely far from each other, the gravitational force between them is '0'. The closer the object gets to M, the more the gravitational force between them becomes more negative (less positive). The more work we have to do or the more force we have to apply. Since the energy we are using to separate the two objects is positive, the energy that the two objects are trying to hold each other is definitely negative. In this case, the gravitational force is negative.
(Figure: 6)
Or to put it another way, if we want to free the Earth from the Sun's gravitational system and move it out of the solar system, we have to apply positive energy. Thus, the total mass (positive energy) of all the matter in the universe and their total negative gravitational force is added to show that it is exactly 'zero' or almost 'zero'. That is, the total energy of the universe is 'zero' or almost 'zero' Therefore, if the whole universe of zero to zero energy is created, it does not violate the energy conservation formula. According to the principle of uncertainty, our entire universe has spontaneously emerged in the form of quantum bubbles through quantum fluctuations in space. The question is, how did the universe survive for so long? It became necessary for the total energy of the universe to be zero or almost zero. Because according to the principle of uncertainty, the lower the total energy of a system, the longer the system can exist, so if the total energy of the universe was huge in the beginning, it would vanish very quickly. Could not come to this stage. But since the total energy of the universe is zero or almost zero, it has had time to survive for a huge period of time and has reached this stage today. Another question that may arise here is that the space-time curvature of the quantum bubble, which contains the entire universe, was infinite, so according to Einstein's general theory of relativity, the bubble's gravitational effect must be infinitive
great article my dear freind