Black hole

# Black_Hole_black_hole

# Episode_1

We used to hear stories of monsters in the mouths of adults when they were young, which ate people. Everyone was startled by fear. But the funny thing is, in reality, the monster does not exist. The monster was originally a fictional character, and was used to make a story much more thrilling and terrifying. Another thing is that the monster is not real, but there is a terrible real monster with billions of trillions of powers. But it is not with us, it is hiding in the distant cosmic darkness. He will never appear, you will never see. What is that? Yeah Al that sounds pretty crap to me, Looks like BT a black hole. In English, "Black Hole- The Cosmological Demon" is a cosmic monster.

★★ #blackhole_what?.

In general, a black hole is the compressed core of a dead star of monstrous mass, with masses several to several billion times greater than those of the Sun. Its gravity is so high that it shrinks drastically. And the effect of this gravity does not release any nearby objects, not even light. Its gravity is so strong that it can leave its adjacent space in infinite curvature. In other words, a black hole is a cosmic object that cannot escape its grasp, the fastest thing in the universe, light, with a speed of 2,99,892.4561 km per second. There are huge black holes scattered all over the universe, of which 10 million are in the Milky Way alone.

# How_is_the_blackhole_created?

We know that more or less all the stars exploded at the time of his death. The famous Indian astronomer Subrakshmanyam Chandrasekhar shows what will be the end result of the life of which star. It is known as #chandrasekhar_seema. He showed that, if the mass of a star is usually 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, it will become a white dwarf in the last life, if the mass is 1.4 to 6 times, it will be a neutron star and if the mass is more than 6 times, it will become a black hole. . But still depends on another thing That is, not only the mass of the star, but also the mass of the core. Heavy stars throw everything on its surface into the void during a supernova explosion, leaving only its core behind. Now, the mass of the core after the explosion could be as much as 2.5 times the mass of the Sun, and only then would it turn into a black hole. Because, if the total mass of a star is 6 times the mass of the Sun, it is very possible that its core alone has a mass of 2.5, because the most dense part of a star is its core. So even though its size is small, its mass can be much more. So much for the theoretical thing. Let's see briefly, what is the process of creating a black hole in reality.

Before that let's clarify a concept Let's see how it survives from the birth of a star. We know that there are innumerable nebulae scattered in space which are basically composed of gas and dust. When for some reason, a gaseous and dusty part of the nebula moves closer to each other, reducing the distance, they are pulled closer to each other by the force of the gravitational ball.

Incidentally, as they get closer and closer, the distance between them decreases and the gravitational force increases and pulls harder. At some point they become connected. When they are connected, their mass increases in pairs and then the attraction increases due to their combined mass. As a result, they attract more and more dust and gas and thus more objects accumulate. Thus, when the gas also becomes attached to the dust, their mass increases And as the mass increases, so does the pressure in their center. As a large amount of gas and dust accumulates in this way, the mass becomes huge and the pressure in the center also increases a lot. As the pressure increases, so does the temperature of the center. This is because as the pressure in the center increases, the collision between the gaseous particles increases. Thus, as the temperature rises to 15 million Kelvin, the hydrogen can no longer be fixed, and begins to melt under intense heat and pressure. The nuclear fusion reaction begins. And towards the center of the star, all its objects are attracted and pressed at equal distances at a certain distance, due to which the shape of the star becomes round.

At the center of the star, it continues to store gas and dust until the nuclear fusion reaction begins, but from the moment the reaction begins, its mass accumulates and stops. This is because, in contrast to gravity, the energy generated in the reaction continues to work, which is extrinsic. And in the intense heat generated, the accumulated gas on the surface then ceases to be gas, turning into plasma. And in the case of plasma, no new objects can be added to it. In a nuclear fusion reaction, two hydrogen nuclei melt to form a helium nucleus, with intense heat and light, and a full-fledged star is born. It takes about 10 million years for a gas to start to contract and turn into a full-fledged star.

Under normal conditions the mass of a star exerts a tremendous pressure towards its center, we know that gravity always pulls every object towards the center. And this pull creates intense heat and pressure in the center. For example, if you were to press a lump of clay or a ball with your hand, where would you put the most pressure? Surely in the center of the ball? Because at that point pressure is coming from the objects around him, right? The same is true of stars. At this pressure and heat, the hydrogen gas, the constituent material of the star, begins to melt, producing helium and heat and light energy. And the forces go outwards, so it creates extrinsic pressure. As the energy level is so high, it presses on the outside of the star's surface, meaning it tries to inflate the star. But he can't do that, because in the face of this pressure, gravity pulls everything inwards. The star is stable because the value of this centripetal and outward ball is equal.

But this stable condition lasts as long as the star has enough hydrogen, that is, it can withstand the gravitational pull. But one day when the hydrogen runs out, the pressure on the outside of the center stops, but the center-centered force created by the gravity of the core remains. Hydrogen has handled this pressure for so long but now who will handle it? There is no way. The surface of the star then swells with tremendous speed, and at a time when they exceed the gravitational limit of the star, the star can no longer stop them, erupts with great force and is thrown into space. Everything on the surface separates, but its mass continues to shrink due to its mass being much larger than the size of the core. Then Chandrasekhar limit 6 is effective in this case If the mass of the core is now 2.5 times the mass of the Sun, its gravity is so great that it cannot in any way prevent its own contraction. As it shrinks, it shrinks and tries to reach the maximum density, so dense that it cannot be smaller than its mass. In this case the gravitational pull of the core becomes so great that it leaves its adjacent space in infinite curvature and thus forms a black hole.

★★ #blackhole_size

It is not possible to determine the exact size of a black hole. The size of the black hole is considered to be the circumference of the event horizon. As such, the size of the black hole is very simple. No complicated. According to the theory of relativity, the shape of a black hole will be a balanced sphere, because the larger the mass, the more attractive it will be, and the more spherical it will be. But whether it really is, we will never see it in our observation Because no luminous state comes to our eyes from it. If you want to know about any other object, you must first see it. If you do not see, how do you understand it? So, theoretically, according to Schwarzschild's equation, we can understand only one dimension of a black hole, that is its radius. Since according to the theory of relativity, a black hole is a spherical sphere, and according to Schwarzschild's equation, we find the radius of the sphere, but we can easily understand the shape of that sphere.

Another thing is that the outer covering of the black hole, which is called the event horizon, is difficult to understand or what kind of it is, so it is not possible to say exactly whether it is spherical or not, theoretically. And if size is a rectangular or quadrilateral object, then we can express its size by its length, width and height, but in the case of a sphere, only the value of radius is enough to indicate its size. Therefore, the diameter is used to understand the size of the black hole.

The radius of a black hole depends on its mass and angular motion. The greater the mass, the greater its radius. The first idea of ​​the radius of a black hole was given by the German physicist Karl Schwarzschild. His equation is R = 2GM / C ^ 2. That is, if the mass of a black hole is M, then its radius will be 2GM / C ^ 2. As such, if there is a black hole of the same mass as the Sun, it will have a diameter of only 5.6 km! This means that if you press the whole sun to turn it into a 5.7 km diameter sphere, the sun will also turn into a black hole. Again, if our earth is turned into a black hole, its radius will be only 0.6 inches !! Black holes have no specific diameter, black holes can be of any diameter. For example, the smallest black holes, called micro-black holes, may be a few millimeters in size, although they do not exist. Again, the diameter of stellar or stellar black holes is usually about 150 km. It is more than that. Supermassive black holes in the center of the galaxy are about 24 million km in diameter!

#Blackhole_structure_or_interior

The interior of a black hole has three main parts But there is such a visible part of the planetary constellation that can be used to understand the distance between different levels, in the case of black holes there is no way to understand it. So theoretically we have to rely, to understand all this. The layers of a simple black hole are:

★ 1. #Event_Horizon_Event_Horizon: This is the outermost part of the black hole. Just like a ball has a round cover on the outside But the difference is, it is not made up of any physical object, as we are accustomed to seeing soil, water, gas. It is the part that hides the inside of a black hole from outer space On this horizon its release speed is greater than the speed of light. This is called Point Of No Return. Not much is known about it, but it can be said that it is a boundary, an object that falls to this level and goes inside. It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post. In a word, event horizon is a distance from the center of a black hole whose release velocity is greater than the speed of light, but as soon as this distance is crossed outwards, the release velocity decreases. So, the radius of a black hole is 10 km, which means that the release velocity at a distance of 10 km from the center of the black hole is greater than the speed of light. Black hole is a mystery, and its structure is an eternal mystery!

2. # Schwarzschild_diameter: The distance from the event horizon to the center singularity is called the radius of the black hole. Schwarzschild calculates that the radius depends on the mass. That is why this radius is called Schwarzschild's radius. It is never known exactly what happens or what lies within this Schwarzschild radius or the distance from the event horizon to the singularity. Because reading an object on the event horizon means it is over. He will no longer exist in this universe, he will disappear completely. Theoretically, however, this place is a field where space-time collapses to the extreme. This is a very extreme compressed area. If you somehow fall into a black hole, before you reach the singularity from the event horizon, you will be fragmented in this place and become such a tiny fragment just like a quark, smaller than the nucleus of an atom.

★ # Singularity: Singularity is at the center of the black hole. In fact, the name of the center is not exactly the singularity, but the situation created there is called gravitational singularity. Singularity is a spatial state in which the space is one-dimensional and a very small point, and a huge amount of mass and energy is accumulated at that point.

# Singularity is a state of integration of space, time and matter. This means that all mass, energy, space, time, force are all located at one point. And, because the vast mass at the center of the black hole accumulates in tiny dots, its gravitational field becomes infinite. And because of the infinite gravitational field, the curvature of space there also becomes infinite. That is the curvature of modern physics. That is, no formula or rule works there anymore. Nothing can be explained. Because, suppose you have a paper, you can tell its coordinate system by calculating the value of length X axis and width Y axis. Now suppose you folded or bent the paper from one side to the other, how do you know its location? By the X, Y and Z axes, because the length of the paper, then another dimension is added to the width, that is, the height, which is along the Z axis. Because, being folded, it will be swollen at the top. And notice, you can only fold the paper from one side to the other, it can be torn in two ways. I mean, suppose you're folding the paper in a circle along the width, if some part stops like that and then at the same time you want to fold along the length, can you? Can't, will break. Now suppose, if the paper has an infinite number of folds from the quadrilateral, how do you find its location? Is it possible to get out? Using the current coordinates with the X, Y, Z axes you can find only three-way values, but the rest? How can it not be imagined, and the calculation! This is exactly what happens in the place of singularity.

#To_Be_Continued

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