"Bizinesi ndiyabwino," anatero wopanga wazakudya waku America. Wogulitsa kumalo ogulitsa mabuku mumzinda wa New York anati: “Mabuku athu a chess adangokhala pa masheluti kusanachitike mpikisano wa Fischer-Spassky. Kenako zonse zidapita. Amachoka pang'onopang'ono mpaka zinthu zomwe zimathamanga kwambiri m'sitolo. ”
M'mayiko ena chidwi chachikulu chinali kale mu chess. Kutchuka kwake ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, kumayenderana ndi mpira kapena basketball ku United States. Komanso ku China, hsiang chi, mtundu wachinema wa chess, ndi umodzi mwamasewera omwe amakonda kwambiri dzikolo. Zanenedwa kuti, mabuku ambiri alembedwa za chess, pafupifupi 20,000 - kuposa masewera ena onse ophatikizidwa!
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali chidwi chotere? Kodi chimapangitsa chidwi ndichoti chiyani kwa anthu ambiri?
Masewera Ovuta a Luso
Chosangalatsa chachikulu cha chess ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa. Chess ndi cheke amaseweredwa pamtundu womwewo wa bolodi - imodzi yomwe imagawika m'mabwalo makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu anayi, ndipo mizere isanu ndi itatu ya mabwalo asanu ndi atatu aliyense. Koma mu chess pali zina zambiri zotheka zosunthika. Mwachitsanzo, akuti pali njira 169,518,829,100,544,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 zomwe zimayambitsa mayendedwe khumi oyamba! 'Koma zikuyenda bwanji zochulukirapo pamabwalo makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zinayi?' Wina angafunse. Izi ndichifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zidutswa zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mu chess komanso zoyenda zingapo zomwe aliyense amatha kupanga.
Mu chess pali osewera awiri otsutsana, aliyense amakhala ndi zidutswa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kapena amuna. Izi zikuphatikiza ma eyala asanu ndi atatu, mafundo awiri, mabishopu awiri, maulendo awiri (nthawi zina amatchedwa mabwinja) ndi mfumu ndi mfumukazi. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi iyi ya zidutswa iliyonse imakhala ndi malingaliro kapena mphamvu zingapo, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe munthu amatha kupanga.
Mwachitsanzo, ma pawns amatha kuyenda molunjika kutsogolo, phazi limodzi kapena lalikulu nthawi. Ma robo amatha kusuntha mtunda uliwonse mtsogolo, kumbuyo kapena m'mbali mwa mzere wowongoka, momwe njira zawo zikuwonekera. Atsogoleri, momwemonso, amatha kusuntha mtunda wowongoka, koma mokha. Knights, mosiyana ndi zidutswa zina, imatha kungoyendetsa mawonekedwe a L. Mfumukazi, chidutswa cholimba kwambiri pabulopo, imatha kuyenda mtunda uliwonse kutsogolo, kumbuyo, mbali zam'mbali kapena mwaluso, momwe njira yake ikuwonekera.
Cholinga cha zidutswazi ndizoteteza mfumu yawo ndikumenya mfumu yomwe ikutsutsana naye. Masewerawa amapambanitsidwa pomwe m'modzi mwa amfumu "adasinthidwa" ndipo sangathenso kutetezedwa. Wosewera ndi mfumu yoyesedwayo amakakamizidwa kudzipereka, kuthetsa masewerawa.
Chifukwa chake, ndikusiyana kwa kusunthika kwa zidutswa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kusunthika kwakukulu kosiyanasiyana. Ena amati kusokonezeka kwa masewerawa komanso kudalira luso la osewera kumapangitsa chess kukhala chosangalatsa kwa iwo omwe ntchito zawo sizimatha kudziwa kwawo. "Mu chess palibe mwayi," akufotokoza Burt Hochenberg, mkonzi wa Chess Life & Review. "Sunganene kuti mpirawo waduma."
Masewera Olimbirana Kwambiri
Komabe, kuyika malingaliro amodzi pa mzake, pomwe mwayiwo utachotsedweratu, umalimbikitsa mzimu wampikisano m'masewera a chess. M'malo mwake, Chess nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi 'wodziwa kuphunzitsa.' . . . Koma mu chess muyenera kukhala omenya nkhondo, ndipo pakufunika ndinayenera kukhala mmodzi. ”
Izi zikuthandizira kufotokozera chifukwa chake palibe osewera apamwamba a chess - ochita masewera apamwamba kwambiri a chess padziko lonse lapansi ndi amuna. Wojambula Sylvia Miles anati pankhaniyi: "Kuti mukhale katswiri pa masewerawa, muyenera kukhala wakupha. Ngati mpikisano wa azimayi aku America ukakhala wamphamvu chonchi, ndiye kuti tikhala nawo osewera ena otchuka. "
Mzimu wampikisano mu chess ungalimbikitsidwe kutentha thupi, komwe kumawonetsedwa mu malingaliro ndi chilankhulo cha osewera wa chess. "Palibe chofanana pamasewera ena pakufuna kuwononga malingaliro a omwe akukutsutsanirani," akufotokoza wosewera mpira wa chess Stuart Marguiles. "Sindinamvepo wina akunena kuti amenya mnzake. Nthawi zonse amakhala akumenya, kumenya, kumpha kapena kumupha. ”
Zowona, osewera omwe angakhale akudziwana nawo sangachite izi. Koma, komabe, mzimu wampikisano pakati pa osewera ungathe kubweretsa zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa, monga nyuzipepala ya New York Times yathirira: Koma m'nyumba zina, kusagwirizana kumakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. ”
Zachidziwikire, kuti chess sichoncho, pankhaniyi, chosiyana kwambiri ndi masewera ena ampikisano. Ophunzira omwe akufuna kukondweretsa Mulungu, mosasamala masewera omwe akusewera, ayenera kusamala kuti asemphane ndi mfundo iyi ya m'Baibulo: "Tisakhale odzikuza, oyambitsa mpikisano wina ndi mnzake, kuchitirana njiru."