Light particles or waves have been the subject of much debate for three centuries. Newton said light particles, contemporary scientist Higgins said light waves. Both had arguments in theory. But two hundred years later another British Thomas Young proved through double slit experiments that light is actually a wave. Scientists were still hesitant about the discovery of the roentgen X-ray. Earlier, scientists had this dilemma about cathode rays. In the end, it turns out that the cathode ray is actually a stream of electron particles. So it was not possible for Rntgen to come to any conclusions about X-rays. However, once the X-ray was discovered, not only Roentgen but many scientists followed suit.
Rntgen thought this ray was a wave. Then new problems arose in front of the waveists. If it is a wave, then what kind of wave? Longitudinal waves like sound, or transverse waves like light? Controversy is created about it. R রntgen thought of himself as an X-ray wave. He began research on a much wider scale. Rন্টntgen first wonders, why and how are X-rays made?
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X-rays are made from the cathode tube. Research on cathode tubes has been going on for many, many years. Cathode The cathode ray hits the wall of the airless cathode tube, and X-rays are produced as a result of that injury. But why was the X-ray produced because of the injury?
R রntgen discovered X-rays, yet it was not confirmed that the cathode ray was actually a particle. In 1896, J. J. Thomson proved that the cathode ray is the current of electron particles. All those electrons are very high speed. When these fast-moving electrons hit the wall of the cathode tube, they become obstructed, resulting in reduced speed. So the kinetic energy of the electron also decreases. Where will this lost momentum go? The principle of conservation of energy says that no energy can be completely destroyed. Only one energy is converted into another energy. The kinetic energy of the electrons that hit the cathode tube is reduced, and the lost kinetic energy is converted into electromagnetic energy, in the form of X-ray radiation. That is, scientists are convinced that X-rays are actually a type of electromagnetic wave.
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This phenomenon, from this explanation, convinced scientists that even transparent matter like glass is capable of slowing down the speed of a fast-moving cathode ray, i.e. electrons. Then new ideas come to the minds of scientists. What happens if a cathode ray, that is, an electron, is allowed to pass through something that is thicker and heavier than glass?
Surely the speed of electrons will decrease faster! So if the electron loses more kinetic energy, the more lost kinetic energy the X-ray will generate, the greater the energy?
Scientists thought of examining this matter. What could be heavier and denser than glass?
What else is the ideal material in this case than metal sheet?
Scientists have reduced the speed of electrons generated from cathode tubes with metal sheets. He did the experiment with different metal sheets, not just one.
These tests are done inside the cathode tube. From the path that emits the cathode beam, a metal sheet is placed next to it. That is, the metal sheet is placed in the same way that the current of the cathode ray or electron emanates from the cathode plate and travels. Thus the flow of electrons emitted from the cathode plate is easily blocked by the metal plate. These metallic sheets are called anticathodes. This anticathode interrupts the current flow of electrons. This produces strong X-rays.
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In 1918, British scientist Charles Grover won the Nobel Prize in Physics. What did he do that earned him the Nobel Prize? Berkeley made a historic discovery in 1911. He sees that X-rays have a penetrating ability. Of course, this discovery is not new. Rজntgen saw the matter. The discovery of Berkeley is different. He noticed that the permeability of X-rays depended on the metal used in the anticathode. That is, the piercing potential of the X-ray generated for each metal used in the anticathode is specific. To better investigate this, Berkeley discovered that X-rays of a certain wavelength were produced from a certain metal.
Berkeley's surprises don't end there. He saw that some metals had two types of X-rays. That is, two different wavelengths are radiating different X-rays. The wavelengths are different, so is the penetration of the two types of X-rays. Berkeley did not stop there, he discovered X-rays of different wavelengths and differentiations.
Henry Mosley, another British scientist, took Berkeley's work a step further. 1913 He explained the nature of different types of X-rays emitted from different sources with the help of X-ray crystallography.
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Scientists have been talking about X-rays at the beginning of the dilemma. In X-rays, some people thought it was a particle, some people tho
