After a busy day, if you come home and see that your favorite thing has been cooked, it is a great pleasure, isn't it? But what would it feel like to hear after eating, it was genetically modified food? Maybe the soybean oil cooked in your home is collected from genetically modified soybeans imported from far away America. Since oil does not contain any DNA, the chances of anything from modified soybeans entering our body are almost nil. The oil obtained from GM soybean is being used today without any doubt or regulation.
But what is genetic modification? When there is a change in the DNA in the nucleus of an organism, it is called a genetic change. Natural changes in the genetic makeup of the tree also come. Because of these changes, different colors of the same flower and different varieties of the same fruit have been created. But this change in nature is very time consuming. Using genetic engineering and biotechnology technology when the desired changes are made in a specific place in the DNA of a cell in a short time, it is called genetic modification. This makes it possible to reduce or increase the rate of expression of a particular gene.
In today's world, environmental catastrophe, climate change and the growing demand for food for the growing population have become one of the challenges. We no longer have the time and opportunity to rely on nature to increase food production in hostile environments. Transgenic research is now one of the most powerful tools in tackling this problem. Transgenic research has made it possible to transmit genes that increase productivity, improved nutrition, or adaptability to hostile environments from one species to another. This allows new features to be added to a species's own DNA by adding a fraction of another species's DNA. And the food grains obtained as a result of this genetic modification is called GM food. Although the basic structure of the DNA of all living organisms is composed of four nucleotides - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). However, there is still debate about the acceptability of this process of DNA transfer from one species to the development of a trait in one species. The general public is concerned about whether eating these GM foods could have a detrimental effect on humans or other animals, or whether GM foods pose a threat to the natural environment. So before coming to the market, every GM food has to follow a lot of tests and strict policies.
In both such crises, a new technology called the CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as a beacon of hope. Crisper-Cas is essentially an RNA-protein complex, capable of editing DNA. Giving this component of the bacterial immune system a map can cut into specific areas of the DNA according to the map and bring about the desired change. At the end of the work, the CRISPR-Cas method is also lost inside the cell. As a result, there is no residue left inside the cell, only the desired change, which is passed on to the next generation. It's like Meena disappears by fulfilling her wish like the monster in the cartoon.
What is the main difference between Transgenic and Crisper-Cass methods? Transgenic research is like making a glass of sherbet by mixing sugar from two separate sugar cans. No matter which container the sugar is taken from, the sweetness of the sherbet will be the same. From the species from which DNA is transmitted, since the structure of all DNA is identical from the point of view of science, transgenic research is realistic. Some unwanted DNA remains externally in the transgenic system, but in the case of Crisper-Cass everything is lost after the desired change of DNA. However, to end this controversy, scientists are working to make the Crisper-Cass method more useful.
According to the RNA-map given to him by the Crisper-Cass system, DNA finds a specific place and cuts that place. Cells attach their own nucleotides to the incision site, or the incision is removed from the DNA. This system enters the cell from the outside and only cuts in certain places. In addition, the rest of the work of DNA change is done by the cell using its own equipment. At the end of the work, the crisper-cas method is also lost inside the cell. So no DNA from the outside is attached to the DNA of the cell. The Crisper-Cass method is therefore called the genome editing tool. If you make a mistake in writing, it can be fixed by erasing it with a rubber, this method is very similar.
In addition to transgenic methods, the mutations of hybrids and radiation can be used to control the expression of a gene. But in no case is genetic mutation known precisely. Is identified only on the basis of external changes. The Crisper-Cass method is undoubtedly more up-to-date technology than this difficult and time consuming method. With this it is possible to bring about changes in specific places at the DNA level to achieve the desired .