La dyslexia, or dyslexia, is a disorder for some children that makes learning to read and acquiring its skills difficult. This disorder has a neurological origin for some students, who are normally trained without any sensory impairment (the sense of hearing, the sense of sight ...) or mental, and they enjoy With a normal or extraordinary intelligence rate, and they also live in a normal sociocultural environment, but more than that, a person with this disorder can be creative and excel in several areas, but the part responsible for reading in his brain processes the readable information in a way that differs from the normal person So that it is difficult for him to define words, and thus his understanding of them falters, so the outputs (spoken, written, or understood) are different from what is read by eye.
The thing that made dyslexia gain the attention of scholars and educators, is that reading is one of the most important basic skills on which all the lessons are built in all school subjects. Also, the presence of some learners who suffer from this disorder in the department would affect the level of the rest of the learners and waste school time, and the most dangerous thing is that this phenomenon is not known about much and due to the ambiguity of its symptoms, and the lack of awareness of it, it may make the affected child marginalize the master of the situation either In the family or school milieu.
It should be noted that dyslexia is a disorder and not a disease, meaning that this phenomenon requires rehabilitation and is not treated with medication, and the family and school have a great role in helping the child deal with this serious obstacle that may threaten his educational path, and it may also be a cause of school wastage.
Dyslexia has several symptoms that are very difficult to notice for families who are not familiar with this phenomenon during the first years of the child's life, especially the preschool years, and these symptoms can be classified as follows:
Symptoms likely to be noticed before schooling:
For a young child at the age of three and four years, that is, before entering elementary education, the family may notice the following symptoms:
Delayed speech and articulation.
Difficulty learning new words and forming sentences.
Difficulty playing word and letter learning games.
Difficulty learning children's songs.
Dyslexia symptoms during schooling:
Difficulty differentiating between letters and similar words, such as "b, t, w" or "c, h, x" ...
The confusion between the letters of the same word, for example the word "sea" is read by "ink".
Confusion between words and their meanings such as mixing “before and after”, “right and left”, “above and below” ...
Failure to pronounce letters correctly with difficulty distinguishing between words.
Inability to pronounce unfamiliar words.
Difficulty splitting the word into individual sounds and thus the inability to spell words.
Difficulty learning a foreign language.
Dyslexia symptoms during adolescence:
Difficulty linking individual words with their correct meanings.
Difficulty learning foreign languages.
Difficulty summarizing stories.
Difficulty solving mathematical problems.
Difficulty in remembering and comprehending.
Difficulty following more than one command at a time.
Researchers and specialists have many views on the factors that cause dyslexia, some of them see that the causes of this disorder are due to hereditary factors, others refer to developmental factors, while others see it due to environmental factors, and only the specialists have the right to diagnose and determine the causes of each case.
The most important and first thing to help children who suffer from dyslexia is the awareness of the various components of society about this phenomenon, and here lies the role of the media, as they are required to broadcast various awareness and awareness programs directed to families through which they host real competencies and specialists in this field, because the familiarity and awareness of each family And educational frameworks with this phenomenon may help to detect it early and deal with the case properly. The development of any treatment plan by a professional should be done in coordination with the family and the school. In parallel with all the aforementioned, it is necessary to train teachers and empower them with techniques that enable them to recognize these children, and on this type of disorder, in addition to reviewing the methods, curricula and methods used in teaching, so that educational frameworks can follow some of the strategies that we mention, for example, but not limited to:
Speak in front of learners with a clear voice, and sound language free from grammatical errors.
Taking into account the level of the learners when choosing texts and vocabulary.
Provide an environment that is conducive to learning and comprehension, free from all distractions and distractions.
Ask questions clearly, and stay away from complex or overlapping questions.
Motivating learners suffering from dyslexia and encouraging them to participate.
Giving the learner with this disorder sufficient time to solve problems and exercises.
The use of some modern technology that helps to overcome this phenomenon.
Identify the talents and strengths of the student suffering from this disorder and focus on them ...
So we are all required and it is our duty to believe in the capabilities of the human mind and in the theory of multiple intelligences, there is no stupid child and there is no lazy student. Understanding the human being from a psychological and neurological point of view requires us to observe, meditate and research and thus well deal with each case and avoid prejudices and easy that extinguish a flame or talent that may be Useful and added value to humanity, if you know something, things are missing from you, and ignorance about such matters may have victims and also miss the opportunity to benefit from creative human energies.