LE SUBJONCTIF
Que signifie le subjonctif? ( What is the subjunctive?)
Le français exprime son état d’âme( state of mind). Le verbe qui suit cette expression qui se rapport à son état d’âme, se met au subjonctif. Par exemple : l’ expression de la crainte, de l’obligation, du surprise, du doute, de la volonté, de l’incertitude, de l’ordre, de la nécessité etc.
The subjunctive is a verb form that is used in certain circumstances to express some sort of feeling, or to show there is doubt about whether something will happen, whether something is true, to show surprise, wish, order or necessity.
Le subjonctif est utilisé après quelques constructions ( impersonnels constructions) qui exprime la nécessité, la probabilité. It is used after certain impersonal constructions that express necessity or probability etc Par exemples
( a) Il faut que … it is necessary that…
(b) Il est nécessaire que … It is necessary that …
(c) Il est possible que … It is possible that …
(d) Il est dommage que … Il is a pity that …
(e) Il vaut mieux que … It is better that …
(f) Il semble que … It seems that …etc
From all indications,” le subjonctif” is always introduced by the word “ que”
La Formation du subjonctif
1. For “er” verbs : parler, regarder, écouter etc.
To form the stem of the subjunctive, you take the infinitive and chop off “ er” just as for the present tense. Then you add the correct endings, depending on the pronoun you are using. For - “er” verbs, the endings are the same as for the ordinary present tense, apart from the “nous” and “ vous” forms, which have an extra”i”.
Exemples:
Pronoun Ending Add to stem
e.g parle-
Meaning
Je (j’) -e Je parle I speak
Tu -es Tu parles You speak
Il
Elle
On
-e
Il parle
EIle parle
On parle He/she/it/one speaks
Nous -ions Nous parlions We speak
Vous -iez Vous parliez You speak
Ils
Elles -ent
Ils parlent
Elles parlent They speak
Ex 1. Il est nécessaire qu’il parle. ( It is necessary that he speaks. )
2. Il faut que nous parlions. ( We need to speak .)
3. Il vaut mieux que tu restes chez toi. ( It is better that you stay at home )
Please remember that it is always introduced by “que “
2. For “ir”verbs : finir, sortir, partir, venir etc.
To form the stem, you take the infinitive and chop off “–ir” Then you add the correct endings.
Pronouns Ending Add to stem, e.g fin- Meaning
Je ( j) -isse Je finisse I finish
Tu -isses Tu finisses You finish
Il
Elle
On
-isse
Il finisse
Elle finisse
On finisse He/she/it/one finishes
Nous -issions Nous finissions We finish
Vous -issiez Vous finissiez You finish
Ils
Elles -issent
Ils finissent
Elles finissent They finish
Please note that, “ Je “ changes to” J’ “ in front of a word starting with a vowel, most words starting with “ h “, and the French word “ y “
Exemples; 1. Il faut que tu viennes à l’heure. ( You have to come on time )
2. Il est nécessaire qu’il sorte. ( It is necessary that he leaves )
3. Il vaut mieux qu’ils finissent l’examen. ( It is better that they finish the examination.)
Please, remember that we still have “ re” verbs and irregular verbs. It will be done bit by bit, to avoid confusion.
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Please I want you to notice that Elles, Ils all mean THEY. For example look at this example Ils Mangent, this means they eat.
Je- I
Tu- you
Il- he
elle- her
Nous- we
Vous- it also means We
Ils- They
Elles- They
This is the translation of all these words in English. They are are pronouns just like we have in English.
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