What is Biotechnology:
The art of utilizing living organisms and their products for the production food, drink, medicine, vaccine or for the benefits to the human race and animal species. It's a broad sector of biology containing several applied sectors like microbiology, Genetic engineering, molecular biology, immunology, virology, bioinformatics etc.
History of Biotechnology:
Though we think it's a novel sector but it is a continuous process with the invention of brewer & curd production since many century ago. Actually beer and curd are two biotech food .
Food Biotechnology :
There's have a lot of developed food using biotechnology we are consuming . GMO food or genetically modified food is one of them.
Golden Rice ( Vitamin a containing gene is inserted to conventional rice)
Synthetic meat
Bt(Bacillus Thuringiensis) Brinjal: One type of brinjal that is resistant to insects.
Animal Biotechnology:
Broiler Chicken: They are developed by crossing or breeding which a technique of biotechnology.
Artificial insemination on cow, buffalo, dog: Nowadays breeders use a mating technique named artificial insemination. In this technique they don't need to wait till the natural mating for getting progeny. They just inseminate using dummy cow, buffalo or dog then insert the sperm to the female organism.
Pant Biotechnology:
Now we can grow plants in test tube from a tiny cell of any plant particle using tissue culture techniques. A lot of medicinal and endangered plants are producing in a bulk elements using tissue culture techniques.
Medical and pharmaceutical Biotechnology :
This the most vital part of Biotechnology sector. Biotechnology researcher or scientists are working on causes of several diseases, genetic disorder and trying to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment. Modern medical technology fully depends on their findings and development of therapeutics. Some of them are listed below;
Insulin
Personalized medicine
vaccine development
Gene therapy
Various genetic disorder diagnosis
Gene editing
Immunotherapy
Antibiotics & antiviral drug
Production of Medicinal plants
Vaccine is the most dramatic Biotech products nowadays:
We are passing through pandemic situation. Only and only a effective vaccine can give us release from this situation and this vaccine is also a biotech products. Various Biotech companies are producing covid-19 vaccine like pfizer, moderna, Astrazeneca, Sputnik-v which are the hot topic of worlds politics.
There are also some of broad sectors of Biotechnology:
Environmental Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology
Marine Biotechnology