An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of organic, inorganic matter and various organisms where different organisms form a way of life by interacting with each other and their surrounding organic and inorganic elements.

Ecosystem Elements:

Each ecosystem is basically made up of two elements, viz.

(A) Strange material and

(B) living material.

Strange material:

Inorganic elements include the basic inorganic, organic and physical elements of the environment.

(1) Basic inorganic:

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, amino acids, humic acids, etc. are the basic inorganic elements of the ecosystem.

(2) Organic matter:

Organic compounds such as dead plants and animals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. These form the link between inanimate and inanimate elements in the form of biochemical structures.

(3) Physical material:

It consists of elements related to the climate, topography and soil of a particular region.

A) Climate: This includes light, heat, rainfall, humidity, etc.

B) Geography: This includes the latitude of certain places, the direction of mountains and valleys, slope or steep condition etc.

C) Soil related elements: This includes the soil structure of a particular place, its physical and chemical properties and related details.

Living material:

This includes all living things present in a particular ecosystem, such as animals, plants, microorganisms, etc. There are three types of living matter, namely, producer, eater and detachable.