Nigeria
Elective Titles: Zazzau, Zegzeg
Zaria, once in the past Zazzau, or Zegzeg, noteworthy realm, conventional emirate, and nearby government committee in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria, with its base camp at Zaria (q.v.) city. The realm is generally said to date from the eleventh century, when King Gunguma established it as one of the first Hausa Bakwai (Seven True Hausa States). As the southernmost condition of the seven, it had the capacity of catching slaves for all Hausa Bakwai, particularly for the northern business sectors of Kano and Katsina. Camel trains from the Sahara ventured out south to Zazzau to trade salt for slaves, fabric, calfskin, and grain. Islām was presented around 1456, and there were Muslim Hausa rulers in the mid sixteenth century. Muḥammad I Askia, a fighter head of the Songhai Empire, vanquished Zazzau c. 1512; the consequences of that victory were recorded by the explorer Leo Africanus.
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Later in the century, Zazzau's ruler Queen Amina augmented her area by various successes, including those of the Nupe and the Jukun realms; even the ground-breaking conditions of Kano and Katsina were needed to offer recognition. Before the century's over, notwithstanding, Zazzau—renamed Zaria—went under the control of Kororofa (Kwararafa), the Jukun realm focused close to Ibi toward the southeast. Not long after the decrease of Kororofa, Zaria had to turn into a feeder state (c. 1734–1804) of the Bornu realm toward the upper east.
In 1804 the Muslim Hausa leader of Zaria swore devotion to Usman dan Fodio, the Fulani Muslim pioneer who was directing the extraordinary jihād ("sacred battle") in northern Nigeria. This brought about a Fulani turning out to be leader of Zaria in 1808. Zaria emirate was made in 1835, holding a portion of its old vassal states (counting Keffi, Nasarawa, Jemaa, and Lapai toward the south); it was administered by an agent of the king at Sokoto (216 mi northwest of Zaria city), just as the nearby emir.
Zaria's fortunes declined in the late nineteenth century; the basic blow was the misfortune in 1899 of Birnin Gwari (a town and Hausa chiefdom 63 mi west of Zaria city) to Kontagora (an emirate toward the southwest). In 1901 Zaria looked for British security against slave strikes by Kontagora. After the homicide in 1902 of Captain Moloney, the British occupant at Keffi (154 mi south), by the Zaria magaji ("delegate"), the British stripped the emirate of the majority of its vassal states.
Zaria remains, nonetheless, one of Nigeria's biggest (around 12,750 sq mi [33,000 sq km]) conventional emirates. A savanna zone, it is one of the country's driving makers of cotton for trade. Other critical money crops incorporate tobacco, peanuts (groundnuts), shea nuts, soybeans, sugarcane (which is handled locally into earthy colored sugar), and ginger. Sorghum, millet, and cowpeas are the staple nourishments; cows, chickens, goats, guinea fowl, and sheep are raised for meat. Tin mining has for quite some time been significant in the south, at the western edge of the Jos Plateau. The populace is an ethnic blend wherein Muslim Hausa and Fulani individuals prevail.
